Anatomy - Elbow & Medial Forearm - Flexors

Question 1

Pronator Teres - Proximal Attachment(s)

Answer 1

Medial epicondyle, common flexor tendon, & coronoid process

Question 2

Pronoator Teres - Distal Attachment(s)

Answer 2

Lateral surface of the middle radius

Question 3

Pronoator Teres - Innervation

Answer 3

Median Nerve (C6, C7)

Question 4

Pronator Teres - Action

Answer 4

Pronate forearm (stronger when elbow flexed) & assist with elbow flexion

Question 5

Flexor Carpi Radialis - Proximal Attachment(s)

Answer 5

Medial epicondyle

Question 6

Flexor Carpi Radialis - Distal Attachment(s)

Answer 6

Palmar base of 2nd metacarpal

Question 7

Flexor Carpi Radialis - Innervation

Answer 7

Median Nerve C6, C7

Question 8

Flexor Carpi Radialis - Action

Answer 8

Radial deviation & wrist flexion (co-contraction with FCU)

Question 9

Palmaris Longus - Proximal Attachment(s)

Answer 9

Medial epicondyle

Question 10

Palmaris Longus - Distal Attachment(s)

Answer 10

Palmar aponeurosis

Question 11

Palmaris Longus - Innervation

Answer 11

Median Nerve C7, C8

Question 12

Palmaris Longus - Action

Answer 12

Assist wrist flexion & tighten palmar aponeurosis

Question 13

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris - Proximal Attachment(s)

Answer 13

Medial epicondyle

Question 14

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris - Distal Attachment(s)

Answer 14

Pisiform, then via pisometacarpal ligament to hook of hamate, then to palmar base of 5th metacarpal

Question 15

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris - Innervation

Answer 15

Ulnar Nerve C7, C8

Question 16

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris - Action

Answer 16

Ulnarly deviates & assists wrist flexion (co-contraction with FCR)

Question 17

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis - Proximal Attachment(s)

Answer 17

Medial epicondyle, MCL, coronoid process, & superior half of the anterior radius

Question 18

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis - Distal Attachment(s)

Answer 18

Splits & then inserts on the MPs of digits 2-5

Question 19

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis - Innervation

Answer 19

Median Nerve C7, C8, T1

Question 20

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis - Action

Answer 20

Flex PIPs and MCPs of 2-5, assist wrist flexion, & assist elbow flexion

Question 21

Flexor Digitorum Profundus - Proximal Attachment(s)

Answer 21

Proximal medial and anterior 3/4 of ulna and interosseous membrane

Question 22

Flexor Digitorum Profundus - Distal Attachment(s)

Answer 22

DPs of digits 2-5 after passing through FDS insertion split

Question 23

Flexor Digitorum Profundus - Innervation

Answer 23

Digits 2 & 3: Median Nerve

Question 25

Flexor Digitorum Profundus - Action

Answer 25

Flex DIPs (can assist in flexion of PIPs, & MCPs) of digits 2-5 & assist in wrist flexion (tendon to index independent; tendons to other 3 digits function as unit –> quadregia effect: one fails = all fail)

Question 26

Flexor Pollicis Longus - Proximal Attachment(s)

Answer 26

Anterior radius and adjacent IM

Question 27

Flexor Pollicis Longus - Distal Attachment(s)

Answer 27

Palmar surface of DP of 1st finger

Question 28

Flexor Pollicis Longus - Innervation

Answer 28

AIN (C8, T1)

Question 29

Flexor Pollicis Longus - Action

Answer 29

Flex 1st digit at IP and MCP joints

Question 30

Pronator Quadratus - Attachment(s)

Answer 30

Distal 1/4 anterior surface of radius & distal 1/4 anterior surface of ulna

Question 31

Pronator Quadratus - Innervation

Answer 31

AIN (C8, T1)

Question 32

Pronator Quadratus - Action

Answer 32

Pronation

Question 33

Nursemaid's Elbow

Answer 33

Dislocation of the radius out of the annular ligament (happens to children if lifted up by hand forcefully)

Question 34

Little Leaguer's Elbow

Answer 34

Repetitive, micro trauma from valgus stress causes epiphysisitis of medial epicondylar epiphysis, epiphyseal plate fractures of the proximal radius, or avulsion of the medial epicondyle

Question 35

Compartment Syndrome

Answer 35

After injury --> swelling/bleeding can cause increased pressure in compartments of forearm; if higher than capillary pressure --> tissue ischemia (very painful), muscle tissue death and fibrosis, leading to Volkmann's ischemic contracture