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Women's health > anatomy/embryology/genetics > Flashcards

anatomy/embryology/genetics Flashcards

1
Q

Skin, nerves, brain

A

ectoderm

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2
Q

lungs, liver, pancreas, GI

A

Endoderm

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3
Q

many different parts
*skeletal muscle, blood vessels, conncective tissue

A

mesoderm

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4
Q

kidneys, ovaries, testes

A

intermediate layer

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5
Q

Where does the labia, clitoris and lower vagina arise from?

A

urogenital sinus

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6
Q

what weeks are the Labia, clitoris and lower vagina undifferentiated?

A

week 1-7

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7
Q

what weeks are the Labia, clitoris and lower vagina differentiated?

A

week 12 `

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8
Q

what causes differentiation of the labia, clitoris and lower vagina?

A

Testosterone
* if it is absent: female genitalia will develop
* if present: male genitalia will develop

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9
Q

What happens if you have a genetically female fetus (XX) and there is congenital adrenal hyperplasia?

A

excess androgen is produced, so the XX chromosome is still being exposed to testosterone- the genitalia will develop more towards male anatomy

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10
Q

when do ovaries develop? how?

A

3rd week of gestation.
migration of germ cells- no migration, no ovaries

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11
Q

At what weeks does a female fetus have the maximum number of oocytes?

A

16-20 weeks (produced from germ cell proliferation)

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12
Q

Congenital absence of ovaries (very rare)

A

Ovarian dysgenesis

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13
Q

Absence of ovaries are usually due to chromosomal abnormalities. What is an example of that?

A

Turner Syndrome (45XO) missing X

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14
Q

In turner syndrome, what are the ovaries referred to?

A

Streak ovaries or smear ovaries

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15
Q

Turner syndrome patients often present due to?

A

delayed menarche, puberty, webbed neck, widely space nipples

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16
Q

Tubes, uterus, cervix and upper vagina arise from?

A

Genital ducts
* wolffian- produce male genitalia
* Mullerian ducts- produce female genitalia

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17
Q

in females what duct disappears? what duct persists? what does that duct migrate into?

A

Wolffian ducts disappear, mullerian ducts persist
* caudal ends fuse to form uterus, cervix and upper vagina
* as ducts move toward fusion- they carry peritoneum, which become broad ligament

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18
Q

mullerian abnormality that is a complete failure to fuse

A

Uterus didelphys (end of with a uterus, cervix and vagina on two sides) *most rare

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19
Q

mullerian abnormality where ducts fuse but no degeneration of the fused tissue

A

Bicornuate uterus

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20
Q

mullerian abnormality where there is a failure to fuse and degenerate

A

unicornate uterus (w/or w/o horn) (one side migrated and developed normally and the other did not)

21
Q

wolffian remnants

A

Gartner cysts

22
Q

No mullerian ducts; absence of uterus, tubes and cervis

A

Mullerian agenesis (external genitalia looks normal but you won’t find normal anatomy)

23
Q

where is the upper vagina developed from?

A

mullerian ducts

24
Q

where is the lower vagina from?

A

urogenital sinus

25
Q

area that contains the uterus, vagina, bladder, fallopian tubes, ovaries and distal rectum/anus

A

Lesser pelvis (true)

26
Q

area that holds the weight of the abdominal organs and pregnant uterus

A

Greater pelvis

27
Q

why is important to asses the size of true pelvis?

A

obstetrical conjugate is important to know if the portion of the pelvis will be able to pass a child vaginally

28
Q

which portion of the cervix communicates with the vagina?

A

external os

29
Q

which portion of the cervix communicates with the uterus?

A

internal os

30
Q

one of the main supports for the fallopian tubes; tubes ovaries, round and uterine ligaments, nerves, uterine artery, lymphatics

A

Broad ligament

31
Q

Ligament that is a problem child during pregnancy; can cause stress and pain with rapidly growing fetus

A

round ligament

32
Q

continuous with the fallopian tube; means horns

A

Cornu

33
Q

uterine wall: surrounding the whole organ

A

perimetrium

34
Q

what are the three regions of the fallopian tubes?

A

isthmus
ampulla
infundibulum

35
Q

what part of the fallopian tube is fixed within the broad ligament?

A

isthmus

36
Q

what is the #1 site for ectopics

A

ampulla

37
Q

has fimbriae, ciliated columnar cells, no direct connection with ovaries

A

infundibulum

38
Q

Where does mitosis occurs?

A

mitosis occurs in somatic celss

39
Q

what does mitosis produce?

A

produces 2 daughter cells of same genetic materia

40
Q

where does meiosis occur?

A

germ cells

41
Q

what does meiosis produce?

A

2 divisions resulting in 4 haploid, genetically distinct cells

42
Q

most chromosomal anomalies are a result of

A

nondisjunction in meiosis 1 (before birth)

43
Q

what is nondisjunction?

A

division did not occur correctly

44
Q

rarely skips generations; equal sex distribution; an unaffected individual will not transmit gene to his or her progeny

A

autosomal dominant

45
Q

appears to skip generations; both genders affected; neither parent is usually affected (asymptomatic carrier)

A

Autosomal recessive

46
Q

what phase of meiosis allows the most diversity? often error prone

A

anaphase 1

47
Q

affected gene located on X chromosome; both recessive and dominant disorders exist; recessive d/o affects males>females; phenotype of disease is based on one allele

A

X- linked inheritance

48
Q

affect females 2x> males; males more severely affected

A

X-linked dominant

49
Q

risk factors for genetic disorders?

A

-advanced maternal age >35
-previous pregnancy with chromosomal abnormality
-hx of pregnancy loss
-advanced paternal age >50

Women's health (14 decks)

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