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Anatomy Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What branch of science studies tissues?

A

Histology and microanatomy

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2
Q

What branch of science studies organs?

A

Anatomy and physiology

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3
Q

What branch of science studies organ systems?

A

Anatomy and physiology

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4
Q

What branch of science studies organisms?

A

Anatomy and physiology

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5
Q

What branch of science studies populations?

A

Anatomy and physiology

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6
Q

What branch of science studies the biosphere?

A

Ecology

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7
Q

What is the general function of the skeletal system?

A

Protection and storage

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8
Q

What is the general function of the muscular system?

A

Heat and movement

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9
Q

What is the general function of the endocrine system?

A

Transmits chemical signals

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10
Q

What is the general function of the lymphoid system?

A

Drains water from tissues and is part of the immune response

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11
Q

What is the general function of the urinary system?

A

Filters wastes from blood

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12
Q

What is the general function of the reproductive system?

A

Female: produces eggs and carries infant; Male: produces sperm and delivers sperm to the female

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13
Q

What are the regions in the cephalon?

A

Oculus - eyes, Auris - ears, Oris - mouth, Nasus - nose

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14
Q

What are the regions in the anterior trunk?

A

Thorax - ribcage, Abdomen - abs, Inguen - crotch region

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15
Q

What are the regions in the posterior trunk?

A

Dorsum - pelvis and up, Gluteal region - butt

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16
Q

What are the regions in the upper appendage?

A

Arm - shoulder to elbow, Forearm - elbow to hand, Manus - hand, Digits - fingers

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17
Q

What are the regions in the lower appendage?

A

Thigh - hip to knee, Leg - knee to ankle, Pes - foot, Digits - toes

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18
Q

What is the definition of cranial and caudal?

A

Cranial - closer to the top of the head, Caudal - closer to the tail

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19
Q

What is the definition of dorsal and ventral?

A

Dorsal - closer to the surface of your back, Ventral - closer to the surface of your stomach

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20
Q

What is the definition of superior and inferior?

A

Superior - closer to the top of your head, Inferior - closer to the bottom of your foot

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21
Q

What is the definition of proximal and distal?

A

Proximal - closer to the attaching joint, Distal - farther away from the attaching joint

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22
Q

What is the sagittal plane?

A

Cutting the body into a right and left half

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23
Q

What is the transverse plane?

A

Cutting the body into an upper and lower half

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24
Q

What is in the ventral body cavity?

A

Thoracic cavity - contains L and R pleural cavity, pericardial cavity (heart) and mediastinum; Abdominopelvic cavity - contains abdominal cavity (digestive structures) and pelvic cavity (the bladder)

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25
What is in the dorsal body cavity?
Spinal cavity - contains spinal cord; Cranial cavity - contains everything inside the skull (brain)
26
What is the definition of a cell?
The smallest category of life
27
What is the definition of an organelle?
Structures inside the cell that perform a function
28
What is the function of the cytoskeleton?
Allows for movement and for the cell to hold its structure
29
What is the function of actin filaments?
Scaffold for cell shape, movement of plasma membrane
30
What is the function of microtubules?
Pathways for molecules or vesicles
31
What is the function of ribosomes?
A site for protein assembly
32
What is the function of the mitochondria?
Converts energy into a form cells can use
33
What is the function of rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Rough: assembly of complex proteins; Smooth: assembly of lipids
34
What is the function of the golgi apparatus?
Complex proteins change into their final form
35
What is the function of lysosomes?
Engulf and disassemble pathogens or old organelles
36
What is the function of peroxisomes?
Engulf and disassemble toxic chemicals
37
What is the function of transport vesicles?
Transport chemicals
38
What is the definition of a membrane?
Layers of tissue that secrete fluid
39
What is the definition of science?
The study of the natural world
40
What is the definition of biology?
The study of life
41
What is the definition of anatomy?
The forms and locations of organs, organ systems, and organisms
42
What is the definition of physiology?
The study of the function of the body parts
43
What is the definition of gross anatomy?
Structures that can be examined without using a microscope
44
What is the definition of microanatomy?
The study of microscopic structures of living organisms
45
What branch of science studies molecules?
Molecular biology and biochemistry
46
What branch of science studies cells?
Cellular biology
47
What branch of science studies communities?
Sociology
48
What branch of science studies ecosystems?
Ecology
49
What is the general function of the integumentary system?
Protection and insulation
50
What is the general function of the nervous system?
Transmits electrical signals
51
What is the general function of the cardiovascular system?
Transports blood to the rest of the body
52
What is the general function of the respiratory system?
Gas exchange
53
What is the definition of cephalon?
Head
54
What is the definition of anterior and posterior?
Anterior: closer to the front of the body; Posterior: closer to the back of the body
55
What is the definition of right and left?
Right: the right side of the body being discussed; Left: the left side of the body being discussed
56
What is the definition of superficial and deep?
Superficial: closer to the surface of the body; Deep: deeper inside the body
57
What is the frontal plane?
Cutting the body into a front and back half
58
What is the function of the nucleus?
Stores DNA
59
What is the function of storage vesicles?
Store chemicals
60
What is the equation for aerobic cellular respiration?
C6H12O6 + O2 = H2O + ATP
61
What is a serous membrane?
Prevents adhesion of your organs to each other
62
What is the definition of cervicis?
The neck
63
What is the definition of medial and lateral?
Medial: closer to the midline of the body; Lateral: farther away from the midline
64
What is the definition of the cell membrane?
The thin outer layer surrounding the cell
65
What are phospholipids?
Complex lipids that make up the majority of cell membranes
66
What is the function of transport proteins?
Move molecules across the cell membrane
67
What is the function of cell recognition proteins?
Enable cells to identify and interact with each other
68
What is the definition of an autoimmune disorder?
When the body's immune system mistakes its own tissues as foreign and attacks them
69
What is fermentation?
The process of substances breaking down into simpler substances without O2
70
What is a mucous membrane?
Protective layer to trap pathogens
71
What is a cutaneous membrane?
Protection, insulation, and a sensory input (part of the skin)
72
What is a synovial membrane?
Lubricant for joints
73
What is arthritis?
Swelling in the joints that causes pain and limited motion
74
What is osteoarthritis?
The hyaline cartilage wears away causing the bones to rub against each other
75
What is rheumatoid arthritis?
Autoimmune disorder, your immune system is attacking the synovial membrane
76
What is the definition of a pathogen?
A cause of human disease
77
What are glands?
Pocket of cells that create fluid
78
What are exocrine glands?
Secrete fluids onto the body surface
79
What are endocrine glands?
Secrete fluids into the bloodstream
80
What is the scientific method?
A process of establishing fact through experimentation and testing
81
What are the steps of the scientific method?
Observation, question, hypothesis, and testing
82
What is the definition of a hypothesis?
An educated guess
83
What is a scientific theory?
An explanation supported by evidence
84
What is a scientific law?
A constant phenomenon

Anatomy Exam 1 (2 decks)

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