Anatomy Exam Flashcards
(159 cards)
1
Q
What bone articulates with the glenoid cavity?
A
Head of humerus.
2
Q
What groove does the radial nerve run through on the humerus?
A
Radial groove.
3
Q
What two carpal bones articulate with the radius?
A
Scaphoid and lunate.
4
Q
What part of the humerus articulates with the ulna?
A
Trochlea.
5
Q
What bone forms the olecranon process?
A
Ulna.
6
Q
What is the bony prominence on the lateral proximal humerus?
A
Greater tubercle.
7
Q
What joint connects the clavicle to the scapula?
A
Acromioclavicular joint.
8
Q
What bone forms the lateral malleolus in the upper limb?
A
Trick question – the lateral malleolus is in the lower limb (fibula).
9
Q
What muscle initiates the first 15° of shoulder abduction?
A
Supraspinatus.
10
Q
What nerve innervates the deltoid?
A
Axillary nerve.
11
Q
What is the main function of the biceps brachii?
A
Flexion and supination of forearm.
12
Q
What nerve innervates biceps brachii?
A
Musculocutaneous nerve.
13
Q
What muscle extends the elbow?
A
Triceps brachii.
14
Q
What nerve innervates triceps brachii?
A
Radial nerve.
15
Q
What muscle flexes the wrist and is innervated by the median nerve?
A
Flexor carpi radialis.
16
Q
What is the function of the interossei muscles?
A
Dorsal abduct (DAB), palmar adduct (PAD) the fingers.
17
Q
What muscle lies in the bicipital groove?
A
Long head of biceps brachii.
18
Q
What muscle protracts the scapula and prevents winging?
A
Serratus anterior.
19
Q
What nerve innervates serratus anterior?
A
Long thoracic nerve.
20
Q
What nerve is injured in a mid-shaft humeral fracture?
A
Radial nerve.
21
Q
What nerve innervates most forearm flexors?
A
Median nerve.
22
Q
What nerve runs posterior to the medial epicondyle?
A
Ulnar nerve.
23
Q
What nerve is compressed in carpal tunnel syndrome?
A
Median nerve.
24
Q
What is the sensory distribution of the ulnar nerve in the hand?
A
Medial 1.5 fingers (palmar and dorsal).
25
What are the 5 terminal branches of the brachial plexus?
Musculocutaneous, axillary, radial, median, ulnar.
26
What nerve injury causes 'claw hand'?
Ulnar nerve.
27
What nerve innervates the thenar muscles?
Recurrent branch of the median nerve.
28
What nerve wraps around the surgical neck of the humerus?
Axillary nerve.
29
What nerve provides sensation to the lateral forearm?
Lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm (branch of musculocutaneous).
30
What artery accompanies the radial nerve in the arm?
Deep brachial artery.
31
What artery is commonly used to check a pulse at the wrist?
Radial artery.
32
What vein lies in the deltopectoral groove?
Cephalic vein.
33
What is the sensory area tested for the radial nerve?
Dorsum of hand over first web space.
34
What space contains the axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery?
Quadrangular space.
35
What are the borders of the cubital fossa?
Brachioradialis, pronator teres, and epicondylar line.
36
What test is used to assess ulnar nerve function?
Froment’s sign.
37
What structure is deep to the flexor retinaculum?
Median nerve and flexor tendons (FDS, FDP, FPL).
38
What muscle forms the medial wall of the axilla?
Serratus anterior.
39
What injury causes 'wrist drop'?
Radial nerve injury.
40
What bone articulates with the acetabulum?
Head of the femur.
41
What is the large bump on the lateral proximal femur?
Greater trochanter.
42
What bone does the patella articulate with?
Femur (patellar surface).
43
What is the anatomical term for the shin bone?
Tibia.
44
Which tarsal bone transmits body weight to the foot?
Talus.
45
What landmark is used for intramuscular injections in the gluteal region?
Upper outer quadrant, targeting gluteus medius.
46
What is the distal bony prominence of the fibula called?
Lateral malleolus.
47
What forms the medial longitudinal arch of the foot?
Calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuneiforms, 1st–3rd metatarsals.
48
What are the hip flexors?
Iliopsoas, rectus femoris, sartorius.
49
What nerve innervates the quadriceps femoris?
Femoral nerve.
50
What is the main function of the gluteus maximus?
Hip extension and lateral rotation.
51
What nerve innervates gluteus medius and minimus?
Superior gluteal nerve.
52
What is the action of the hamstring muscles?
Knee flexion and hip extension.
53
What muscles are in the hamstring group?
Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus.
54
What is the innervation of the hamstrings?
Tibial division of the sciatic nerve (except short head of biceps femoris – common fibular).
55
What muscles make up the adductor group of the thigh?
Adductor longus, brevis, magnus, gracilis, pectineus.
56
What muscle dorsiflexes the ankle and inverts the foot?
Tibialis anterior.
57
What is the function of gastrocnemius?
Plantarflexion of the ankle, flexion of the knee.
58
What muscle unlocks the knee joint?
Popliteus.
59
What muscles evert the foot?
Fibularis longus and brevis.
60
What nerve innervates the anterior thigh?
Femoral nerve.
61
What nerve innervates the medial thigh?
Obturator nerve.
62
What are the two terminal branches of the sciatic nerve?
Tibial and common fibular nerves.
63
What nerve passes around the head of the fibula?
Common fibular (peroneal) nerve.
64
What happens with injury to the common fibular nerve?
Foot drop (loss of dorsiflexion).
65
What nerve innervates the sole of the foot?
Tibial nerve → medial and lateral plantar branches.
66
What nerve provides cutaneous sensation to the lateral leg and dorsum of the foot?
Superficial fibular nerve.
67
What nerve lies in the popliteal fossa?
Tibial nerve.
68
What is the main artery of the thigh?
Femoral artery.
69
What artery supplies the posterior thigh?
Perforating branches of the deep femoral artery.
70
What artery passes behind the medial malleolus?
Posterior tibial artery.
71
What is the name of the pulse behind the knee?
Popliteal pulse.
72
What artery is palpated at the dorsum of the foot?
Dorsalis pedis.
73
What vein runs from the foot to the groin medially?
Great saphenous vein.
74
What vein is used for coronary bypass grafting?
Great saphenous vein.
75
What causes Trendelenburg gait?
Weak gluteus medius/minimus or superior gluteal nerve injury.
76
What forms the femoral triangle?
Inguinal ligament, sartorius, adductor longus.
77
What structures lie within the femoral triangle (lateral to medial)?
Femoral nerve, artery, vein, lymphatics (NAVeL).
78
What is compartment syndrome?
Increased pressure in a fascial compartment compromising blood flow and nerve function.
79
What muscle is involved in a groin strain?
Adductor longus.
80
What is the name of the joint between the sternum and rib cartilage?
Sternocostal joint.
81
What muscle lies between the ribs and aids in respiration?
Intercostal muscles.
82
What structure separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities?
Diaphragm.
83
What is the innervation of the diaphragm?
Phrenic nerve (C3–C5).
84
What is the bony landmark used to locate the 2nd rib anteriorly?
Sternal angle (Angle of Louis).
85
What structure passes through the diaphragm at T8?
Inferior vena cava.
86
At what level does the esophagus pass through the diaphragm?
T10.
87
At what level does the aorta pass through the diaphragm?
T12.
88
What is the serous membrane that covers the lungs?
Visceral pleura.
89
What is the name of the space between the lungs?
Mediastinum.
90
What lobe is absent in the left lung but present in the right?
Middle lobe.
91
What impression is visible on the medial surface of the left lung?
Cardiac impression.
92
What vessel lies anterior to the root of the lung?
Pulmonary artery (more superior on the left).
93
What is the fibrous outer layer of the heart called?
Fibrous pericardium.
94
What valve lies between the left atrium and left ventricle?
Mitral (bicuspid) valve.
95
What supplies the sinoatrial (SA) node?
Usually the right coronary artery.
96
What chamber of the heart forms the apex?
Left ventricle.
97
What vein drains into the right atrium?
Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus.
98
What dermatome is located at the umbilicus?
T10.
99
What muscle forms the anterior abdominal wall?
Rectus abdominis.
100
What structure runs in the inguinal canal in females?
Round ligament of the uterus.
101
What muscle is pierced by the ilioinguinal nerve?
Internal oblique.
102
What layer of the abdominal wall forms the deep inguinal ring?
Transversalis fascia.
103
What is the linea alba?
Midline tendinous seam between rectus abdominis muscles.
104
What organ lies mostly in the right upper quadrant (RUQ)?
Liver.
105
What structure stores and concentrates bile?
Gallbladder.
106
What organ lies retroperitoneally and has head, body, and tail regions?
Pancreas.
107
What part of the duodenum receives bile and pancreatic secretions?
Second (descending) part.
108
What is the name of the peritoneal fold that attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall?
Falciform ligament.
109
What part of the colon is intraperitoneal and mobile?
Transverse colon.
110
What structure marks the transition from foregut to midgut?
Major duodenal papilla.
111
What is Murphy’s sign used to test?
Acute cholecystitis (gallbladder inflammation).
112
What organ is located behind the stomach and is not palpable unless enlarged?
Spleen.
113
What is McBurney’s point used to identify?
Base of the appendix (for appendicitis).
114
What major artery supplies the foregut?
Celiac trunk.
115
What artery supplies the midgut?
Superior mesenteric artery.
116
What vessel drains blood from the gastrointestinal tract to the liver?
Hepatic portal vein.
117
What nerve provides parasympathetic innervation to the foregut and midgut?
Vagus nerve (CN X).
118
What spinal levels contribute to the thoracic splanchnic nerves?
T5–T12.
119
What lymph nodes drain the abdomen and are commonly biopsied?
Para-aortic (lumbar) nodes.
120
What three bones fuse to form the hip (coxal) bone?
Ilium, ischium, pubis.
121
What is the name of the socket for the femoral head?
Acetabulum.
122
What ligament converts the greater sciatic notch into the greater sciatic foramen?
Sacrospinous ligament.
123
What structure forms the pelvic brim?
Arcuate line, pubic crest, sacral promontory.
124
What part of the pelvic bone do you sit on?
Ischial tuberosity.
125
What ligament is pierced by the pudendal nerve?
Sacrospinous ligament (via greater and lesser sciatic foramina).
126
What muscles form the levator ani group?
Puborectalis, pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus.
127
What nerve innervates the levator ani?
Pudendal nerve and direct branches of S3–S4.
128
What muscle controls continence and forms a sling around the rectum?
Puborectalis.
129
What is the function of the external anal sphincter?
Voluntary control of defecation.
130
What muscle lies superficial to the perineal body and compresses the vagina/bulb of penis?
Bulbospongiosus.
131
What muscle runs transversely across the perineum and stabilizes the perineal body?
Superficial transverse perineal muscle.
132
What structure separates the urogenital triangle from the anal triangle?
Perineal body.
133
What muscle lies deep to the superficial perineal pouch?
Deep transverse perineal muscle.
134
What structure lies between the bladder and rectum in females?
Uterus.
135
What is the lowest part of the peritoneal cavity in females?
Rectouterine pouch (Pouch of Douglas).
136
What connects the ovary to the uterus?
Ovarian ligament.
137
What structure conveys blood vessels to the ovary?
Suspensory ligament of the ovary.
138
What forms the broad ligament?
Double layer of peritoneum extending from the uterus to lateral pelvic wall.
139
What part of the uterus is most likely to be involved in implantation?
Endometrium of the body.
140
What structure lies anterior to the vaginal canal?
Urethra.
141
What gland lies just inferior to the bladder in males?
Prostate gland.
142
What structure stores and matures sperm?
Epididymis.
143
What structure passes through the inguinal canal in males?
Spermatic cord.
144
What is the function of the ductus deferens?
Transports sperm from epididymis to ejaculatory duct.
145
What gland lies posterior to the urethra and contributes to semen?
Seminal vesicles.
146
What part of the penis contains the urethra?
Corpus spongiosum.
147
What artery is the primary blood supply to pelvic organs?
Internal iliac artery.
148
What artery supplies the gluteus maximus?
Inferior gluteal artery.
149
What artery exits the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen above piriformis?
Superior gluteal artery.
150
What artery supplies the perineum?
Internal pudendal artery.
151
What lymph nodes drain pelvic organs?
Internal and external iliac nodes.
152
What vein drains the rectum and connects to the portal system?
Superior rectal vein.
153
What nerve provides motor and sensory innervation to the perineum?
Pudendal nerve.
154
What nerve roots form the pudendal nerve?
S2–S4.
155
What nerve is blocked during an episiotomy or childbirth?
Pudendal nerve.
156
What nerve innervates the external urethral sphincter?
Pudendal nerve.
157
What condition results from weakening of the pelvic floor muscles?
Pelvic organ prolapse.
158
What space is the site of a potential ischioanal abscess?
Ischioanal fossa.
159
What landmark is used for a pudendal nerve block?
Ischial spine.
