EBP multiple choice exam

Question 1

What is participant observation?

Answer 1

Watching and recording behaviors in a natural setting.

Question 2

Key criterion for appraising qualitative research?

Answer 2

Trustworthiness and credibility.

Question 3

What indicates credibility in qualitative research?

Answer 3

Researcher’s acknowledgement of background and potential biases.

Question 4

What is triangulation in qualitative research?

Answer 4

Using multiple methods or data sources to confirm findings.

Question 5

What does transferability in qualitative research mean?

Answer 5

How findings can apply to different contexts.

Question 6

What should be considered when appraising a qualitative study?

Answer 6

Whether the research question fits qualitative methods.

Question 7

What weakens qualitative study credibility?

Answer 7

Failing to explain participant selection.

Question 8

What does a regression coefficient represent?

Answer 8

Change in outcome per unit change in predictor, holding others constant.

Question 9

Does a p-value < 0.05 always mean clinical significance?

Answer 9

No

Question 10

What does a p-value of 0.01 indicate?

Answer 10

Statistically significant effect.

Question 11

What does the diamond in a forest plot represent?

Answer 11

The pooled effect estimate from all studies.

Question 12

What indicates publication bias in a funnel plot?

Answer 12

Asymmetry of dots.

Question 13

What is a confounder in regression analysis?

Answer 13

A factor influencing both predictor and outcome.

Question 14

What if a forest plot confidence interval crosses the no-effect line?

Answer 14

Result is not statistically significant.

Question 15

P-value cutoff for statistical significance?

Answer 15

Less than 0.05.

Question 16

What does a symmetrical funnel plot suggest?

Answer 16

No strong evidence of publication bias.

Question 17

Primary purpose of a forest plot?

Answer 17

Show meta-analysis results.

Question 18

Primary purpose of a funnel plot?

Answer 18

Identify publication bias.

Question 19

What is mixed methods research?

Answer 19

Combining qualitative and quantitative methods in one study.

Question 20

Does mixed methods always collect qualitative data first?

Answer 20

no

Question 21

What is the process of comparing qualitative and quantitative results called?

Answer 21

Integration or data triangulation.

Question 22

Convergent Parallel design?

Answer 22

Collection of qualitative and quantitative data simultaneously.

Question 23

Explanatory Sequential design?

Answer 23

Quantitative data collected first, qualitative follows to explain.

Question 24

Exploratory Sequential design?

Answer 24

Qualitative data collected first, then quantitative.

Question 25

Embedded design?

Answer 25

One data type nested within a larger study of the other.

Question 26

Best design for studying patient mobility improvement and confidence?

Answer 26

Explanatory Sequential.

Question 27

Advantage of mixed methods?

Answer 27

Offsets limitations of single methods.

Question 28

What is “quantitizing” qualitative data?

Answer 28

Converting qualitative themes into numeric codes.

Question 29

Software designed for mixed methods analysis?

Answer 29

Dedoose.

Question 30

Should mixed methods findings only be integrated in the conclusion?

Answer 30

No

Question 31

Triangulation (integration strategy)?

Answer 31

Present findings from both methods together in a unified story.

Question 32

Connecting Builds (integration strategy)?

Answer 32

Use results from one phase to inform the next.

Question 33

Narrative Weaving (integration strategy)?

Answer 33

Combine results in a table to compare and contrast.

Question 34

Which mixed methods design collects and analyses qualitative and quantitative data simultaneously and merges results?

Answer 34

Convergent Parallel.

Question 35

: What is test accuracy?

Answer 35

Proportion correctly identified as having or not having the condition.

Question 36

What is the index test?

Answer 36

The diagnostic test being evaluated.

Question 37

Feature NOT needed for diagnostic test accuracy?

Answer 37

Control group.

Question 38

What does 75% sensitivity mean?

Answer 38

75% of those with the condition test positive.

Question 39

What does 82% specificity mean?

Answer 39

82% of those without the condition test negative.

Question 40

What indicates spectrum bias?

Answer 40

Including only severe/extreme disease cases.

Question 41

Probability of disease if sensitivity = 100% and test negative?

Answer 41

0%

Question 42

If sensitivity 98%, specificity 25%, is test good for ruling in or out?

Answer 42

Good for ruling out.

Question 43

What does a positive likelihood ratio (LR+) of 10 mean?

Answer 43

Increases probability of disease if test positive.

Question 44

Is screening for unlikely but serious conditions true or false?

Answer 44

True

Question 45

Are clinical guidelines strict rules?

Answer 45

No

Question 46

Is a protocol more specific than a guideline?

Answer 46

Yes

Question 47

Primary purpose of clinical guidelines?

Answer 47

Summarise evidence and guide care.

Question 48

Tool for appraising clinical guidelines?

Answer 48

AGREE II.

Question 49

Does AGREE II assess guideline development and applicability?

Answer 49

Yes

Question 50

Is Cultural Sensitivity a domain in AGREE II?

Answer 50

No

Question 51

What to assess first when adapting a guideline?

Answer 51

Healthcare infrastructure and population differences.

Question 52

Are all guidelines based on systematic reviews?

Question 53

Barriers to guideline implementation?

Answer 53

Lack of awareness, patient preferences, resource constraints.

Question 54

Can guidelines identify knowledge gaps?

Answer 54

Yes

Question 55

Role of clinician in shared decision-making?

Answer 55

Present options neutrally and guide discussion.

Question 56

Core principle NOT part of shared decision-making?

Answer 56

Clinician dominance.

Question 57

Strategy to encourage reluctant patient participation?

Answer 57

Ask goals, use teach-back, decision aids.

Question 58

Selecting assistive devices collaboratively is an example of?

Answer 58

Shared decision-making.

Question 59

Advantage of decision aids?

Answer 59

Improves understanding, clarifies risks, aligns values.

Question 60

If patient says "Whatever you think is best," clinician should?

Answer 60

Continue discussion, do not accept immediately.

Question 61

Decision aids improve patient knowledge?

Answer 61

Yes

Question 62

Is best available evidence key in shared decision-making?

Question 63

Example of a decision aid?

Answer 63

Table comparing pros and cons of treatments.

Question 64

Key to successful EBP implementation?

Answer 64

Context, leadership, stakeholder engagement.

Question 65

First step in Kotter’s change model?

Answer 65

Create a sense of urgency.

Question 66

Workshops address which barrier?

Answer 66

Lack of EBP knowledge or skills.

Question 67

PARiHS framework elements?

Answer 67

Evidence, Context, Facilitation.

Question 68

Purpose of short-term wins in change?

Answer 68

Build momentum and motivation.

Question 69

After adapting knowledge in KTA framework?

Answer 69

Assess barriers and facilitators.

Question 70

Best way to handle staff resistance?

Answer 70

Involve staff in adaptation process.

Question 71

Purpose of RE-AIM framework?

Answer 71

Plan and evaluate implementation systematically.

Question 72

Example of anchoring change in culture?

Answer 72

Update policies and orientation materials.

Question 73

Feature of a successful EBP champion?

Answer 73

Respected by peers and enthusiastic.

Question 74

Is QI a one-time project?

Answer 74

no

Question 75

Step in EBP cycle for checking intervention impact?

Answer 75

Evaluating outcomes.

Question 76

What does PDSA stand for?

Answer 76

Plan, Do, Study, Act.

Question 77

PDSA stage to collect and reflect on data?

Answer 77

Study.

Question 78

Common barriers to evaluating outcomes?

Answer 78

Lack of time, insufficient data, collection skills.

Question 79

Patient satisfaction survey data type?

Answer 79

Quantitative.

Question 80

Framework linking Evidence, Context, Facilitation?

Answer 80

PARiHS.

Question 81

Using quantitative and qualitative data in QI?

Answer 81

Provides more complete understanding.

Question 82

First question in Model for Improvement?

Answer 82

What are we trying to accomplish?

Question 83

Tool to plot outcomes over time?

Answer 83

Run chart.

Question 84

What is the primary outcome of explanatory sequential mixed methods?

Answer 84

Quantitative data followed by qualitative explanation.

Question 85

What is the ‘line of no effect’ in forest plots?

Answer 85

The point where the treatment has no effect.

Question 86

What does specificity measure?

Answer 86

True negatives.

Question 87

What does sensitivity measure?

Answer 87

True positives.

Question 88

What does a high LR+ mean?

Answer 88

Strong evidence to rule in disease.

Question 89

What is publication bias?

Answer 89

Selective publication of positive results.

Question 90

What is PICO used for?

Answer 90

Structuring clinical questions.

Question 91

What is ‘qualitizing’ in mixed methods?

Answer 91

Converting numeric data into themes.

Question 92

What is credibility in qualitative research?

Answer 92

Confidence in the truth of findings.

Question 93

What is ‘transferability’ in qualitative studies?

Answer 93

Applicability to other settings.

Question 94

What is the role of ‘facilitation’ in PARiHS?

Answer 94

Enabling change implementation.

Question 95

What does a control chart show?

Answer 95

Process variation over time.

Question 96

What is a fishbone diagram?

Answer 96

Tool for identifying cause of problems.

Question 97

What is an assistive device?

Answer 97

Equipment to help perform activities.

Question 98

What is cultural safety in clinical practice?

Answer 98

Providing care respectful of cultural identity.

Question 99

What is a qualitative theme?

Answer 99

A pattern or topic identified in qualitative data.

Question 100

What is evidence-based practice?

Answer 100

Integrating best research, clinical expertise, and patient values.