Anatomy exam one

Question 1

Clusters of neuron cell bodies and synapes in the central nervous system are usually called:

Answer 1

nuclei

Question 2

Groups of axons in the peripheral nervous system are called:

Answer 2

nerves

Question 3

Location of olfactory cortex, important part of the emotional response in the brain

Answer 3

Insula

Question 4

Important for keeping the brain ‘awake’

Answer 4

Reticular formation

Question 5

Important in regulating hormones, has receptors for blood osmolarity

Answer 5

Hypothalamus

Question 6

Location of the somatomotor and somatosensory cortices

Answer 6

Parietal Lobe

Question 7

Responsible for speech

Answer 7

Broca’s Area

Question 8

Important for motor control

Answer 8

Putamen

Question 9

Regulates circadian rhythms via hormone melatonin

Answer 9

Pineal Gland

Question 10

Important for memory formation

Answer 10

Hippocampus

Question 11

Master regulator of hormones

Answer 11

Hypothalamus

Question 12

Relay center for incoming sensory signals

Answer 12

Thalamus

Question 13

Important for the perception of pain

Answer 13

Insula

Question 14

Association centers for incoming somatic sensations

Answer 14

Parietal

Question 15

Perception of visual signals

Answer 15

Occipital

Question 16

Perception of auditory signals

Answer 16

Temporal

Question 17

Origination of many motor commands

Answer 17

Frontal

Question 18

Ridges on the surface of the cerebral cortex are called

Answer 18

gryi

Question 19

Important for the immune response in the brain

Answer 19

microglia

Question 20

Helps produce cerebrospinal fluid, lines the ventricular system in the brain

Answer 20

ependymal cells

Question 21

You are walking down the sidewalk when a loud explosion happens down a side street. You hear a loud noise and see a bright light in your peripheral visual field. In response you reflexively turn your head towards the source of the explosion to better see it. Which brain structures are the integration centers of this reflex?

Answer 21

Superior and Inferior Colliculi

Question 22

The amount of area on the somatosensory cortex that maps to a particular body part is directly related to the sensitivity of a body part (i.e. more area = more sensitivity)

Answer 22

True

Question 23

Descussation of motor and sensory signals refers to:

Answer 23

those signals crossing from the originating side to the opposite side of the nervous system

Question 24

Master regulator of many hormones

Answer 24

Pituitary gland

Question 25

Help initiate motor commands by releasing inhibition of the premotor and primary motor cortices

Answer 25

Basal ganglia

Question 26

A location of the logical, rational areas of the brain

Answer 26

Frontal Lobe

Question 27

Main connection between right and left hemispheres of the cerebral cortex

Answer 27

Corpus callosum

Question 28

Location of the visual cortex

Answer 28

Occipital Lobe

Question 29

Primary location for perception of olfaction

Answer 29

Insula

Question 30

Map for sensations from all parts of body

Answer 30

Parietal

Question 31

Interpretation of spoken language

Answer 31

Temporal

Question 32

Perception of visual signals

Answer 32

Occipital

Question 33

Reasoning, Logic

Answer 33

Frontal

Question 34

Grooves on the surface of the cerebral cortex are called

Answer 34

sulci

Question 35

Saltatory conduction refers to

Answer 35

action potentials moving rapidly along axons that are myelinated

Question 36

The right half of the brain tends to more creative and the left half of the brain analytical. You call this division of function of the cerebral hemispheres:

Answer 36

Lateralization

Question 37

Groups of axons in the central nervous system are called:

Answer 37

tracts

Question 38

The higher density of cell bodies and associated nuclear material gives grey matter its grey coloration

Answer 38

True

Question 39

The protein myelin gives white matter its white coloration.

Answer 39

True

Question 40

Severing of the ventral roots of the spinal cord will result in the loss sensation.

Answer 40

False

Question 41

Complete severing of the spinal cord at the 7th thoracic vertebra would result in

Answer 41

paraplegia

Question 42

Order the meninges from deep (i.e touching the brain) to superficial

Answer 42

_3__ dura mater __1__ pia mater __2__ arachnoid mater

Question 43

Sensory signals ascending through dorsal columns and spinothalamic tracts BOTH have synapses in the:

Answer 43

thalamus

Question 44

Alzheimer’s disease is partially defined by a shrinkage/atrophy of certain areas of the cerebral cortex, especially areas responsible for speech and memory

Answer 44

True

Question 45

Damage to this structure is results in a decrease in the release of dopamine in the basal nuclei

Answer 45

Substantia Nigra

Question 46

Damage to the ventral RAMI of the spinal cord will result in loss of:

Answer 46

both motor output and sensory input from the spinal cord

Question 47

A herniated intervertebral disc is the result of the nucleus pulposus protruding through the annulus fibrosis.

Answer 47

True

Question 48

Which of the following is a sensory pathways carries information about touch and pressure?

Answer 48

Dorsal Column

Question 48

Paralysis refers to:

Answer 48

loss of motor function

Question 49

Which of the following is a sensory pathways carries information about pain, itch and temperature?

Answer 49

Spinothalamic

Question 50

This structure is responsible for producing CSF

Answer 50

choroid plexus

Question 51

Which of the following IS NOT a function of the Reticular Activating System

Answer 51

Coordination of Motor Commands

Question 52

How many neurons are in a typical sensory pathway?

Answer 52

2-3

Question 53

Select all of the structures that carry motor commands that control muscle tone, balance and reflexive head and postural movements.

Answer 53

Reticulospinal tract Tectospinal tract Rubrospinal tract Vestibulopinal tract

Question 54

Which of the following is a descending motor pathway in the spinal cord?

Answer 54

Corticospinal

Question 55

Severing of the dorsal roots of the spinal cord will result in the loss sensation.

Answer 55

True

Question 56

Paresthesia is defined as:

Answer 56

loss of sensation

Question 57

Select all of the structures that carry sensory information.

Answer 57

Spinothalamic tract

Question 58

Select all cranial nerves that innervate the tongue (sensory or motor)

Answer 58

glossopharyngeal vagus hypoglossal facial

Question 59

This type of sensory receptor would have a regular, continuous pulse of action potential while a stimulus is applied:

Answer 59

tonic

Question 60

Match the cranial nerve to its function: __4__ Controls most of the ‘viscera’ (guts) __5__ Controls Trapezius mm. __3__ Taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue __1__ Transmits sense of smell __2__ Controls superior rectus mm.

Answer 60

1. Olfactory Nerves 2. Trochlear Nerve 3. Facial Nerve 4. Vagus Nerve 5. Accessory Nerve

Question 61

This cranial nerve carries somatic sensations from the skin on the face to the brain

Answer 61

trigeminal

Question 62

Match types of pain receptors/fibers to their features/functions __1__ mechanically/chemically/temperature activated __1__ myelinated __2__ pain is dull, diffuse and lasts longer __2__ unspecialized activation __1__ pain is perceived as sharp __1__ fast reaction to stimulus

Answer 62

1. A-Delta Fibers (Aδ) 2. C fibers

Question 63

Visceral pain from the gallbladder is often felt in the right shoulder. This is an example of:

Answer 63

referred pain

Question 64

Select all cranial nerves that innervate the skeletal muscles that control the extrinsic eye muscles

Answer 64

oculomotor trochlear abduscens

Question 65

A dermatome is a perfect sensory separation of an area of the skin with no overlap with adjacent dermatomes.

Answer 65

False

Question 66

This cranial nerve carries motor commands to the heart, digestive tract, and other organs in the abdomen.

Answer 66

vagus

Question 67

Select all of the structures that carry sensory information

Answer 67

Spinothalamic tract

Question 68

Important for feeling pleasure

Answer 68

fornix

Question 69

Mostly white matter, connects the hippocampus to the thalamus and mammillary bodies

Answer 69

Fornix

Question 70

Which lobes of the brain would be most at risk for injury (due to concussion or contusion) from a rapid mediolateral movement of the head?

Answer 70

Temporal lobe Parietal lobe

Question 71

Which lobes of the brain would be most at risk for injury (due to concussion or contusion) from a rapid dorso-ventral (anterior-posterior) movements of the head

Answer 71

Frontal lobe Occipital lobe

Question 72

Select all of the following that are functions of the protein myelin

Answer 72

Increase conduction speed along axons prevent cross-communication between adjacent axons allow for closer packing of axons helps shuttle neurotransmitters across the synaptic cleft repairs damaged neurons

Question 73

Order the phases of sensation, starting with somatic sensation

Answer 73

receptor level circuit level cortical level

Question 74

You discover a new type of somatic sensory receptor. A key aspect of this receptor's anatomy is that it is a dendrite embedded in a covering of connective tissue. How would you classify this receptor?

Answer 74

Encapsulated receptor

Question 75

A patient has an injury of the spine and is now suffering from a loss of motor function in his right arm. However, he still has normal sensory function in the arm. Based on this information it is likely that the patient has nervous tissue damage located at

Answer 75

ventral roots of the brachial plexus

Question 76

Which answer best explains why visceral pain is referred to areas of the skin that are, sometimes , far away from the organ containing the activated visceral pain receptors

Answer 76

Visceral pain receptors cross-communicate with somatic sensory in the spinal cord