Anatomy final part 3

Question 1

1) Mouth

Answer 1

continued

Question 2

Teeth

Answer 2

32 permanent teeth between the ages of 17­34

1. 20 deciduous teeth (baby teeth) by the age of 2

Question 3

Tongue

Answer 3

important for taste and mixing of food and saliva; swallowing

1. Papilla: bumps on the tongue that contain the taste bumps
   a. Gustatory cells

Question 4

Salivary Glands (3 pairs)

Answer 4

1. Parotid: cheek, just anterior to the ear
2. Sublingual: under the tongue
3. Submandibular: under the jaw
4. Functions
   a. Secretes saliva which contains:
   - Salivary amylase (ptyalin): begins the digestion of starch to sugar (maltose)
   - Aids in swallowing
   - Saliva + Food = Bolus
   - Saliva is mostly mucus
   - It is anti­bacterial

Question 5

2) Pharynx

Answer 5

passageway for food and liquid. No digestion takes place here

Question 6

3) Esophagus

Answer 6

mucus lined tube that connects the pharynx and stomach

i. Approximately 10 inches long

Question 7

Cardiac Sphincter

Answer 7

muscular band that closes at the stomach

Question 8

Heartburn

Answer 8

esophageal irritation from stomach acid

Question 9

GERD

Answer 9

gastro­esophageal reflux disease; AKA chronic heartburn

Question 10

Hiatal Hernia

Answer 10

a tear in the diaphragm causing the stomach to push up into the thoracic cavity

Question 11

4) Stomach

Answer 11

continued

Question 12

Fundus:

Answer 12

enlarged portion to the left; where the food enters the stomach

Question 13

Body:

Answer 13

main portion, central part

Question 14

Pylorus:

Answer 14

lower, narrow sections that opens into the small intestine (duodenum)

Question 15

5) Small Intestine

Answer 15

1. Approximately 20­22 feet long

2. Divided into three sections

Question 16

Duodenum

Answer 16

12 fingers/first 9 inches

Question 17

Jejunum

Answer 17

(8 feet) – in Latin means “empty of food”

Question 18

Ileum

Answer 18

(12 feet)

Question 19

Functions

Answer 19

1. The mucus membrane of the small intestine contains thousands of microscopic intestinal glands that secrete digestive enzymes
2. The main function is:
   a. Absorption – through a rich capillary network contained in the
   villi and microvilli
   i. Villi and Microvilli
3. Fingerlike projections
   b. Lacteal – lymphatic vessel contained within the villus for the
   absorption of fat

Question 20

6) Liver

Answer 20

i. Its only function in digestion is to produce bile
1. Bile: a green, fat­emulsifying enzyme made from red blood cells and drains into the right and left hepatic ducts and is stored in the Gallbladder

Question 21

7) Gall Bladder

Answer 21

A small muscular pouch under the liver

Question 22

Stores bile:

Answer 22

1. Contracts when large amounts of fat are detected in the chyme by the
   mucosal sensory nerve fibers in the duodenum
2. Cholecystokinin is a hormone released by the duodenum when the fate
   is detected
3. Causing the gallbladder to contract
4. The bile is secreted into the Cystic Duct Common Bile Duct
   Duodenum

Question 23

8) Pancreas

Answer 23

• Pancreatic juice is the most important collection of digestive enzymes
• Secreted into the duodenum via the pancreatic duct

Question 24

3 Enzymes

Answer 24

continued

Question 25

Protease (Trypsin)

Answer 25

protein – amino acids

Question 26

Lipase

Answer 26

fats – fatty acids and glycerol

Question 27

Amylase

Answer 27

carbohydrates – glucose

Question 28

9) Large Intestine

Answer 28

- Approximately 5ft in length | - Undigested plant fiber and unabsorbed food and water enter the cecom through the ileocecal valve

Question 29

Divided into

Answer 29

1. Cecum 2. Ascending colon 3. Transverse colon 4. Descending colon 5. Sigmod 6. Rectum 7. Anus

Question 30

Functions

Answer 30

1. Vitamin K synthesis (blood clotting) 2. B­Complex vitamin formation 3. Water and mineral re­absorption 4. Chyme becomes feces 5. Excretion of fecal material a. Defecation