Anatomy FoM 2

Question 1

Inorganic salts of bones

Answer 1

60% calcium phosphate
Calcium/Magnesium carbonate

Question 2

Role of bone cells

Answer 2

Maintain bone
Maintain homeostasis of blood calcium

Question 3

What is tendon and what is it made of?

Answer 3

Between muscle and bone
Made of parallel bundle of collagen fibres

Question 4

Aponeurosis

Answer 4

Flattened tendon

Question 5

Place of secondary cartilaginous joint

Answer 5

• pubic symphysis
• manubriosternal joint
• Intervertebral disc

Question 6

Occipital condyles

Answer 6

Articulate with atlas

Question 7

Why vertebral column exhibits curvatures which change during development?

Answer 7

• Weight of head
• Upright posture
• Height difference between anterior and posterior

Question 8

Scoliosis

Answer 8

Abnormal lateral curvature

Question 9

Kyphosis

Answer 9

Abnormal antero-posterior curvature

Question 10

Vertebral foramen occupied by…

Answer 10

Spinal cord and meninges

Question 11

Role of spinous process

Answer 11

Provides muscle and ligament attachment

Question 12

Joint between superior and inferior articular process of vertebrae

Answer 12

Synovial plane joint

Question 13

Mastoid process

Answer 13

Irregular bump below ear to provide muscle attachment

Question 14

Foramen only in cervical

Answer 14

Foramen transversarium that accommodate vertebral artery and vein

Question 15

Atlantoaxial joint

Answer 15

rotation (pivot joint)

Question 16

Atlantooccipital joint

Answer 16

Nod forward and backward

Question 17

Laminae of sacrum incompletely fused

Answer 17

Spinal canal open to allow access for anaesthetists

Question 18

Movement of vertebral column

Answer 18

Flexion (bow)
Extension
Lateral flexion
Rotation (only in atlas, axis, thoracic)

Question 19

Cervical vertebrae is not palpable due to strong ligament …

Answer 19

Ligamentum nuchae

Question 20

Palpable vertebral column

Answer 20

Vertebra prominens (C7)
Spinous process of T1

Question 21

Thoracic inlet consisted of

Answer 21

First rib, manubrium, T1

Question 22

Sternal angle

Answer 22

Lies at second costal cartilage
Palpable

Question 23

Sternoclavicular joint

Answer 23

Another useful landmark of living anatomy

Question 24

Joints of clavicle

Answer 24

Sternoclavicular joint
Aromioclavicular joint
(both are synovial plane joint)

Question 25

Scapula's joint with thorax

Answer 25

Scapulothoracic joint by ligaments and muscles

Question 26

Movement of scapula

Answer 26

Protraction Retraction Depression Elevation Rotation

Question 27

Radiograph of scapula

Answer 27

Coracoid is more medial and inferior than acromion

Question 28

Why is surgical neck of humerus more common site for fractures?

Answer 28

Surgical neck is thinner than anatomical neck

Question 29

Elbow joint is made by articulation between

Answer 29

Trochlea and ulna Capitulum and radius

Question 30

Radio-ulnar joint is involved in

Answer 30

Pronation/Supination (no elbow joint)

Question 31

Type of joint of radio-ulnar joint

Answer 31

Synovial, pivot joint

Question 32

No. of carpal No. of metacarpal No. of phalanx

Answer 32

8 5 14

Question 33

Wrist joint articulation between

Answer 33

Radius, scaphoid, lunate, triquetral

Question 34

Movement possible at metacarphophalangeal joint (except thumb)

Answer 34

Flexion Extension Abduction Adduction Circumduction

Question 35

Movement possible at interphalangeal joint

Answer 35

Flexion Extension

Question 36

Role of ischial tuberosities

Answer 36

Support body weight when sitting

Question 37

Tibia is .... bone

Answer 37

Weight-bearing

Question 38

Fibula only associated with...

Answer 38

Muscle attachment

Question 39

Strong CT membrane binding tibia and fibula along their length and acts as attachment site for muscles

Answer 39

Interosseous membrane

Question 40

Connective tissue functions

Answer 40

Support organs and tissues Protection and defence Energy storage Thermoregulation Medium of transport for oxygen and nutrients

Question 41

Cells of connective tissue derived from...

Answer 41

Mesenchymal cells from mesoderm layer

Question 42

Collagen and elastic fibres are eiosinophilic/basophilic

Answer 42

Both are eosinophilic

Question 43

Main constituent of ground substance

Answer 43

Glycosaminoglycan

Question 44

GAG covalently binds to...

Answer 44

Proteoglycan

Question 45

Role of proteoglycan

Answer 45

Binds to water and give gel-like consistency

Question 46

Role of glycoproteins in connective tissue

Answer 46

Binding sites for both CT fibres and adhere cells to ECM

Question 47

Cells of cartilage

Answer 47

Chondroblast and chondrocytes

Question 48

Cartilage is vascular/avascular

Answer 48

Avascular

Question 49

Consequence of cartilage being avascular

Answer 49

Low metabolic rate Limited capacity for regeneration following trauma

Question 50

Type of cartilages

Answer 50

Hyaline Fibrocartilage Elastic cartilage

Question 51

Cells of bone

Answer 51

Osteoblast, osteocytes

Question 52

Role of inorganic compounds in bone

Answer 52

Give hardness and rigidity

Question 53

Role of organic compounds in bone

Answer 53

Give elasticity and flexibility

Question 54

Two types of bone tissue

Answer 54

Compact Spongy (cancellous)

Question 55

Why adipocytes look empty under microscope?

Answer 55

Most staining method dissolve fat

Question 56

Two types of adipose tissue

Answer 56

Unilocular (white fat) Multilocular (brown fat)

Question 57

Characteristics of RBC

Answer 57

Eosinophilic Enucleated Biconcave Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide Black disc under EM 7 micrometer

Question 58

Characteristics of neutrophil

Answer 58

Lightly eosinophilic 3-5 lobed nucleus 12-14 micrometer Primary phagocytic cell in acute inflammation

Question 59

Characteristics of lymphocytes

Answer 59

Large circular nucleus No cytoplasmic granules Basophilic

Question 60

Characteristics of monocyte

Answer 60

16-20 micrometer Motile due to pseudopodia Kidney-shaped nucleus No cytoplasmic granules Basophilic Precursor of macrophage

Question 61

Characteristics of macrophage

Answer 61

When monocyte extravasate into CT Phagocyte cellular debris, foreign materials, GAGs Secrete cytokines Present antigens (major source of IL-1)

Question 62

Characteristics of platelets

Answer 62

1.5-3.5 micrometer Non-nucleated For clot formation and wound plugs

Question 63

Characteristics of basophil

Answer 63

Basophilic Bi-lobed Granules of histamine and heparin Present in blood For inflammation, allergic response Express IgE receptors on cell surface

Question 64

Characteristics of eosinophil

Answer 64

Eosinophilic Bi-lobed Defend against protozoan Involve in allergic reaction Many granules 12-17 micrometer

Question 65

Cylindrical unit in compact bone

Answer 65

Osteon

Question 66

Why does individual vertebrae permits only a limited degree of movement?

Answer 66

To prevent distortion of the spinal cord