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Anatomy FoM 3 Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

Two types of fascia

A

Superficial
Deep

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2
Q

Definition of fascia

A

Connective tissue that separates skin from deeper structure (muscles and bones)

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3
Q

Characteristics of superficial fascia

A

Made of fatty layer and membranous layer
Gives body rounded form

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4
Q

Characteristics of deep fascia

A

Enclose muscle compartments
Affect way infection spreads
Limiting expansion can compromise blood supply when swelling happens

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5
Q

What does voluntary means?

A

Contraction controlled by nerves and under conscious control

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6
Q

Ending of skeletal muscle cell and nerve fibre

A

Motor end plate
(neuromuscular junction)

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7
Q

If nerve supply to skeletal muscle doesn’t occur, what happen?

A

Component muscle fibres atrophy rapidly

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8
Q

Shapes and size of skeletal muscle cells and fibres

A

Long and cylindrical
Multinucleated
2-35cm long

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9
Q

Role of myofibril

A

Responsible for muscle contraction

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10
Q

Why is cross striation shown?

A

Due to arrangement of cytoplasmic myofilaments that constitute myofibrils

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11
Q

Arrangement of collagen fascicles within the tendon permit…

A

Passive transmitter of force from muscle to bone

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12
Q

Compare stiffness and tensile strength of muscle and tendon

A

Tendon is stiffer and greater tensile strength

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13
Q

Junction between muscles and tendons

A

myotendinous junction
(common site of injuries)

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14
Q

How does tendon CT is repaired?

A

Activation of fibroblasts, which synthesise CT fibres including collagen

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15
Q

Major movements of trunk

A

Flexion, extension, lateral flexion, rotation

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16
Q

Muscles in anterior and lateral abdominal wall

A

External oblique
Internal oblique
Rectus abdominis
Transversus abdominis

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17
Q

What muscles actively involved in increasing pressure of abdominal cavity?

A

External oblique
Internal oblique
Rectus abdominis
Transversus abdominis

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18
Q

Extensor of the back

A

Erector spinae

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19
Q

Role of linea alba

A

Type of connective tissue that separate left and right rectus abdominal muscles and site of incision

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20
Q

Flexor of trunk

A

External oblique
Internal oblique
Rectus abdominis

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21
Q

Lateral flexor of trunk

A

External oblique
Internal oblique
Latissimus dorsi
Erector spinae

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22
Q

Role of serratus anterior

A

Scapula protraction
Scapula lateral rotation

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23
Q

Role of pectoralis major

A

Shoulder medial rotation
Shoulder adduction
Shoulder flexion

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24
Q

Role of deltoid

A

Anterior head: shoulder flexion
All heads: shoulder abduction
Posterior head: shoulder extension, shoulder lateral rotation

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25
Role of trapezius
Scapula elevation Scapula depression Scapula retraction Scapula lateral rotation
26
Role of latissimus dorsi
Shoulder extension Shoulder adduction Shoulder medial rotation
27
Only muscle that cross shoulder joint?
Latissimus dorsi (other muscles act at scapulothoracic joint)
28
Origin and insertion of trapezius
O: Occipital and C7-T12 vertebra I: spine of scapula and clavicle
29
Muscles in anterior compartment of arm and their role
Biceps brachii Brachialis Main elbow flexor
30
Most powerful elbow flexor
Brachialis
31
Muscles of arm anterior that help shoulder movement
Biceps brachii (shoulder extension)
32
Muscles involve in supination of flexed forearm
Biceps brachii
33
Attachment of long head and short head of biceps brachii
Long: supraglenoid turbercle Short: coracoid process
34
Muscle at posterior compartment of arm and main role
Triceps brachii Elbow extensor
35
Small muscles located in the hand
Intrinsic muscle
36
Muscles lie in the forearm and their tendons pass to hand
Extrinsic muscle
37
Role of anterior compartment of extrinsic muscle
Wrist flexor
38
Role of posterior compartment of extrinsic muscle
Wrist extensor (extensor digitorium is synergist)
39
Connective tissue that hold tendons at place
Retinaculum
40
Name anterior compartment superficial muscles of forearm
Flexor carpi radialis Flexor digitorium superficialis Flexor carpi ulnas
41
Name posterior compartment superficial muscles of forearm
Extensor digitorium Extensor carpi radialis(longus, brevis) Extensor carpi ulnaris
42
Muscles of wrist abduction
Flexor carpi radialis Extensor carpi radialis
43
Muscles of wrist adduction
Flexor carpi ulnaris Extensor carpi ulnaris
44
Major flexor of hip joint
Iliopsoas (iliacus + psoas major)
45
Role of gluteus Maximus
Extensor and lateral rotator of hip joint
46
Where does gluteus Maximus joins to laterally?
Iliotibial tract
47
Another name of medial compartment of thigh
Adductor compartment (because muscles have common origin to pubis and act to adduct femur at hip joint)
48
Anterior compartment of thigh
Quadriceps femoris
49
Role of quadriceps femoris
Knee extensor
50
One particular role of rectus femoris
Assist in hip flexion
51
Posterior compartment of thigh
Hamstring ( 3 muscles)
52
Where does hamstring muscles lie?
Ischium to tibia or fibula
53
Role of hamstring
Knee flexor and hip extensor
54
Muscles of anterior compartment of leg and its role
Tibialis anterior For dorsiflexion (extensor)
55
Muscles of posterior compartment of leg and its role
Soleus Gastrocnemius For Plantarflexion (flexion)
56
Where does soleus and gastrocnemius join?
Achilles tendon, which attaches until calcaneus
57
How do movements at trunk occur?
Compression between intervertebral discs and gliding movements of intervertebral facet joints
58
Why anterior muscle wall of abdomen increases pressure?
For straining (empty bowel, bladder...)
59
Why are upper limb muscles less bulky than lower limb?
Due to lack of weight bearing functions
60
Why does rotational movement is impossible when knee is fully extended?
Most of the ligaments are taut

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