Anatomy - Gastrointestinal Viscera Flashcards
(109 cards)
1
Q
Causes of GERD
A
- LES dysfunction (relaxation or weakness)
2. Hiatal hernia (reflux of stomach contents)
2
Q
Herniation of stomach through the esophageal hiatus into the thoracic cavity
A
Hiatal/ Esophageal hernia
3
Q
Treatment of Esophageal Hernia
A
- Management of GERD symptoms
2. Fundoplication
4
Q
Parts of the Stomach (in sequence of location)
A
- Cardia
- Fundus
- Body
- Pylorus
5
Q
Most common location of gastric ulcer
A
Pyloric Region of the stomach
6
Q
Most common location of duodenal ulcer
A
First part of the duodenum
7
Q
Widest part of the small intestine
A
Duodenum
8
Q
Duodenum is retroperitoneal except…
A
First part
9
Q
First part of the duodenum
A
Superior part
10
Q
Second part of the duodenum
A
Descending part
11
Q
Third part of the duodenum
A
Transverse part
12
Q
Fourth part of the duodenum
A
Ascending part
13
Q
Type of IBD usually occurring in the ileum
A
Crohn disease
14
Q
Ducts draining in the major duodenal papilla
A
- Common Bile duct
2. Pancreatic duct
15
Q
Mobile portion of the duodenum
A
First part of the duodenum
16
Q
Type of IBD usually occurring in the colon and rectum
A
Ulcerative Colitis
17
Q
Structure connecting the first part of the duodenum to the liver
A
Hepatoduodenal Ligament
18
Q
A thin muscle connecting the junction between the duodenum, jejunum, and duodenojejunal flexure to connective tissue surrounding the superior mesenteric artery and coeliac artery
A
Suspensory Ligament of Treitz
19
Q
Duodenal Cap
A
First part of the duodenum
20
Q
Immune reaction to eating gluten, causing inflammation that damages the lining of the small intestine
A
Celiac disease
21
Q
Longest part of the duodenum
A
Third part of the duodenum
22
Q
Opening in D2 where common bile duct and pancreatic duct drains
A
Major duodenal papilla
23
Q
Plicae Circularis (part of the small intestine)
A
Jejunum and Ileum
24
Q
Anatomic landmark between the Upper and Lower GI
A
Suspensory Ligament of Treitz
25
Peyer's Patches (part of the small intestine)
Ileum
26
Opening in D2 where accessory pancreatic duct drains
Minor duodenal papilla
27
Peritoneal fold between the ileum and cecum
Ileocecal Fold
28
State the Meckel's Diverticulum Rule of 2's
```
Occurs in 2% of the population
Within 2 feet from the ileocecal valve
2x as common in males
2 inches long
Presents in the first 2 decades of life
More common in the first 2 years
```
29
Ileocecal Fold (eponym)
bloodless fold of Treves
30
Meckels Diverticulum represents the persistent portion of this embryonic yolk stalk
Vitelline or Omphalomesenteric Duct
31
Blood supply of the ascending and transverse colon
Superior Mesenteric Artery
32
Innervation of the descending and sigmoid colon
Pelvic splanchnic nerves
33
Colonic parts that are retroperitoneal
Ascending and Descending Colon
34
Blood supply of the descending and sigmoid colon
Inferior mesenteric artery
35
Colonic parts that are surrounded by peritoneum
Transverse and Sigmoid Colon
36
Common location of diverticulitis
Sigmoid Colon (kaya usually presents as left lower quadrant pain)
37
Innervation of the ascending and transverse colon
Vagus nerve
38
Twisting of the sigmoid colon around its mesentery
Sigmoid Volvulus
39
Absence of the enteric ganglia (cell bodies of the parasympathetic postganglionic fibers) leading to dilation of the colonic segment proximal to the lesion
Hirschsprung Disease/Megacolon
40
Blind end pouch of the large intestine
Cecum
41
Megacolon
Hirschsprung Disease
42
Treatment for Hirschsprung Disease
Colostomy
43
Suspension of the appendix to the terminal ileum
Messoapendix
44
Coffee Bean sign on xray
Sigmoid volvulus
45
Embryogenic pathogenesis of Hirschsprung Disease
Failure of the neural crest cells to migrate and from the myenteric plexus
46
Anatomic definition of McBurney's Point
Junction of the lateral 1/3 imaginary line drawn from the Right ASIS to the umbilicus
47
Lining of the primitive gut which gives rise to the epithelial lining and glands of the gut tube mucosa
Endoderm
48
Covering of the primitive gut which gives rise to the smooth muscles and submucosa of the tube
Splanchnic mesoderm
49
Communication/opening of the primitive gut tube to the yolk sac
Vitelline Duct
50
Foregut Derivatives
1. From the esophagus to the upper duodenum (D2)
2. Liver
3. Pancreas
4. Gallbladder
51
Derivatives of the hepatic diverticulum of the primitive liver
Liver Parenchyma
52
Primitive liver is hematopoietic at what week?
Week 6
53
Mesodermal mass between the developing pericardial and peritoneal cavities where the hepatic diverticulum growns into
Septum transversum
54
Derivatives of the septum transversum of the primitive liver
Kupffer cells, HSC, Central tendo of the diaphragm
55
Blood supply of the foregut derivatives
Celiac Artery
56
The primitive liver starts to secrete bile at what week?
Week 12
57
Derivatives of the dorsal pancreatic bud
Head, Body and Tail
58
Derivatives of the ventral pancreatic bud
Head and Uncinate Process
59
Formed from the fusiform dilatation (week 4) of the foregut which rotates 90 degrees clockwise during development
Stomach
60
Junction of the foregut and midgut
Opening of the common bile duct
61
Occurs when the ventral and dorsal pancreatic buds form a ring around the duodenum, thereby obstructing it
Annular Pancreas
62
Direction of the rotation of the primitive stomach during early development
90 degrees clockwise
63
Blood supply of the hindgut derivatives
Inferior mesenteric artery
64
Midgut Derivatives
1. from the lower duodenum to the proxmial 2/3 of Transverse Colon
2. Cecum
3. Appendix
65
Cranial Limb of the Midgut Loop derivatives
Jejunum and proximal ileum
66
Blood supply of the midgut derivatives
Superior mesenteric artery
67
Caudal Limb of the Midgut Loop derivatives
Distal ileum, ascending colon, proximal 2/3 of the transverse colon, cecum, appendix
68
Direction of the rotation of the midgut loop during early development
270 degrees counterclockwise
69
Cranial End of the Hindgut derivatives
Distal 1/3 of the transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon
70
Caudal End of the Hindgut derivatives
Joins with the allantois to from the Cloaca
71
Divides the cloaca into rectum and anal canal dorsally and urogenital sinus ventrally
Urorectal septum
72
Invagination of the ectoderm of the terminal part of the hindgut which gives rise to the lower anal canal and urogenital external orifice
Proctoderm
73
Ventral Mesentery
1. Lesser Omentum
2. Falciform Ligament
3. Coronary Ligament
4. Triangular Ligament
For the dorsal = the rest haha
74
Three main arteries of the Gut
1. Celiac Trunk
2. Superior Mesenteric Artery
3. Inferior Mesenteric Artery
75
Main branches of the Celiac Trunk (3)
1. Left Gastric Artery
2. Splenic Artery
3. Common Hepatic Artery
76
Smallest branch of the celiac trunk
Left Gastric Artery
77
Runs upward and to the left towards the cardia, giving rise to esophageal and hepatic branches then runs along the lesser curvature of the stomach; anastomoses with its right counterpart
Left Gastric Artery
78
Largest branch of the celiac trunk
Splenic Artery
79
Branches of the Splenic Artery (3)
1. Short Gastric Artery --> supplies the fundus
2. Dorsal Pancreatic Artery
3. Left gastroepiploic artery
80
Reaches the greater omentum through the splenogastric ligament and runs along the greater curvature of the stomach to supply the stomach and greater omentum; anastomoses with its right counterpart
Left gastroepiploic artery
81
Branches of the Common hepatic artery
1. Right gastric Artery
2. Proper Hepatic Artery
3. Gastroduodenal Artery
82
Immediate supply of the cystic artery
Right hepatic artery
83
Temporary cross-clamping of the hepatoduodenal ligament containing the portal triad at the foramen of Winslow to control hepatic bleeding during liver surgery
Pringle Maneuver
84
Runs to the pylorus and along the lesser curvature of the stomach and anastomoses with its left counterpart
Right Gastric Artery
85
Runs to the left along the greater curvature of the stomach supplying the stomach and greater omentum and anastomosing with its left counterpart
Right gastroepiploic/gastro-omental artery
86
Branches of the gastroduodenal artery
1. Right gastroepiploic/gastro-omental artery
| 2. Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
87
Branches of the SMA
1. Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
2. Middle colic artery
3. Right colic artery
4. Ileocolic artery
5. Intestinal artery
88
Blood supply to the transverse mesocolon
Middle Colic artery
89
Blood supply to the ascending colon
Right Colic Artery
90
Blood supply to the appendix
Appendicular artery from the ileocolic artery
91
Blood supply to the cecum
Ascending and descending cecal arteries from the ileocolic artery
92
Anastomosis of the right portion of the middle colic artery
Ascending branch of the right colic artery
93
Anastomosis of the left portion of the middle colic artery
Ascending branch of the left colic artery
94
Blood supply to the jejunum and ileum
Intestinal arteries
95
Branches of the IMA
1. Left Colic artery
2. Sigmoid Artery
3. Superior rectal artery
96
Blood supply to the descending colon
Left colic artery
97
Blood supply to the sigmoid
Sigmoid artery
98
Termination of the IMA
Superior rectal artery
99
Formed by the union of the splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein posterior to the neck of the pancrease
Portal Vein
100
Crosses the third part of the duodenum and the uncinate process of the pancreas and terminates posterior to the neck of the pancrease by joining with the splenic vein
Superior mesenteric vein
101
Union of the superior rectal vein and sigmoid vein then receives the left colic vein and eventually drains into the splenic vein
Inferior mesenteric vein
102
Clinical finding of portal hypertension between the left gastric veins and esophageal veins of the azygos system
Esophageal varices
103
Clinical finding of portal hypertension between the superior rectal vein and inferior and middle rectal veins
Rectal varices/hemorrhoids
104
Clinical finding of portal hypertension between the paraumbilical veins and epigastric veins
Caput medusae
105
Clinical finding of portal hypertension between the inferior mesenteric vein tributaries and retroperitoneal veins (renal, suprarenal and gonadal)
Dilated retroperitoneal veins
106
Esophageal varices
Clinical finding of portal hypertension between the left gastric veins and esophageal veins of the azygos system
107
Rectal varices/hemorrhoids
Clinical finding of portal hypertension between the superior rectal vein and inferior and middle rectal veins
108
Caput medusae
Clinical finding of portal hypertension between the paraumbilical veins and epigastric veins
109
Dilated retroperitoneal veins
Clinical finding of portal hypertension between the inferior mesenteric vein tributaries and retroperitoneal veins (renal, suprarenal and gonadal)
