Anatomy Halo-halo 2 Flashcards
(26 cards)
ligament of the apex of the bladder
the APEX of the bladder points anteriorly and lies behind the UPPER margin of the SYMPHYSIS PUBIS
it is connected to the UMBILICUS by the MEDIAN UMBILICAL LIGAMENT
ligament attachments of the neck of the bladder
(neck of the bladder rests on the upper surface of the prostate)
the neck of the bladder is held in position by the PUBOPROSTATIC LIGAMENTS in the male (PUBOVESICAL LIGAMENTS in female)
these ligemantes are thickenings of the pelvic fascia
*at the neck of the bladder, the CIRCULAR component of muscular coat (DETRUSOR MUSCLE) is thickened to form the SPHINCTER VESICAE
maximum capacity of urinary bladder
500 mL
base of the bladder
faces posteriorly
triangular
separates the seminal vesicles from each other
vasa deferentia (lies posterior of the bladder)
shape of the bladder
empty: pyramidal
filled: oval
muscle relations of the bladder
INFEROLATERAL SURFACE
Posterior part
-above: obturator internus
-below: levator ani
the area of mucous membrane covering the internal surface of the *BASE of the bladder is called the
TRIGONE
-always smooth even when the bladder is empty because the mucus membrane is firmly adherent to the underlying MUSCULAR coat
*base: posterior surface of the bladder
elevation produced by the median lobe of the prostate
uvula vesicae
-small elevation situated immediately behind the urethral orifice
the muscular coat of the bladder
detrusor muscle
- the muscular coat of the bladder is composed smooth muscle and is arranged as 3 layers of interlacing bundles known as detrusor muscle”
- at the NECK of the bladder, the circular coat of the muscle coat is thickened to form the SPHINCTER VESICAE
What is the trigone
the area of mucous membrane covering the internal surface of the BASE of the bladder
it is firmly adherent to the underlying muscular coat (detrusor muscle)
Blood supply of the bladder
superior and inferior vesical arteries, branches of the internal iliac arteries
venous drainage of the bladder
the veins form the vesical venous plexus that drains into the internal iiliac vein
lymphatic drainage of the bladder
internal and external iliac nodes
nerve supply of the bladder
the INFERIOR HYPOGASTRIC PLEXUSES
most affarent sensory fibers arising from the bladder reach the CNS via the PELVIC SPLANCHNIC NERVES (S2-S4; also the para preganglionic fibers)
-some travel with the sympathetic nerves and enter L1 and L2
autonomics of the bladder
sympa:
- inhibits contraction of the DETRUSOR muscle
- stimulate closure of the SPHINCTER VESICAE
reverse for the para
micturition relfex is initiated when the volume of urine reaches about
300 mL
MICTURITION
reflex is initiated when the volum of urine reaches about 300 mL
innervation of urethral sphincter
pudendal nerve (S2-S4, efferent signals, voluntary control)
voluntary control of micturition is normally developed during
the 2nd or 3rd year of life
remarks on the female bladder
the neck rests directly on the upper surface of the UROGENITAL DIAPHRAGM
the superior surface is related to the uterovesical pouch of peritoneum and to the body of the uterus
remarks on the pericardial sinses
pericardial sinuses are spaces posterior to the heart formed by reflections of the serous pericardium around the great vessels
the reflecion around the large veins forms inverted U-shaped culd-de-sac called the OBLIEQUE SINUS (behind the LEFT ATRIUM)
these sinuses are extensions of the pericardial cavity and not separate compartmental spaces
the relatively short horizontal space between the reflection of the serous pericardium around the AROTA and PULMONARY TRUNK and the relfection around the LARGE VEINS is the
transverse sinus
a vertical groove running outside the heart at jxn bet right atrium and right ventricle
sulcus terminals
inside couterpart: crista terminals
