Anatomy halo-halo 4 Flashcards
(25 cards)
thoracentesis
introduced into the pleural cavity in the MAL in the 8th iCS (Anatomy 0)
A needle or tube is inserted through the thoracic wall into the pleural cavity posterior to the MAL one or two intercostal spaces below the fluid level but NOT below the NINTH intercostal space. (BRS Anatomy)
5th ICS MAL (Surgery 3)
For free-flowing effusions, a low approach at the eighth or ninth intercostal space in the posterior midclavicular line (MCL) facilitates complete drainage. (Schwartz)
thoracentesis: layers traversed
- skin
- superficial fascia
- deep fascia
- intercostal muscles
- endothoracic fascia
- extrapleural fatty layer
- parietal pleura
The urinary system and genital sysem come from what embyological origin
intermediate mesoderm
by the _________, all indications of the pronephric system have DISAPPEARED
end of the 4th week
derivatives of the mesonephros
mesonephric duct
-ureteric bud
mullerian duct?
urogenital ridge
kidney came from
METANEPHROS
“the DEFINITIVE kidney”
-appears in the 5th week
-URETERIC BUD (comes from the mesonephric duct)
»forms the ureter up to the collecting tubules
-METANEPHRIC CAP
»forms the glomerulus, PT,DT, loops of henle
horshoe kidney becomes trapped by the
inferior mesenteric artery
contens of the splenorenal ligament
tail of pancreas
splenic vesels
contens of gastrosplenic ligament
short gastric artery
Left gastroepiploic artery
exterinsic innervatiotn of the heart
sympa
-cervical and upper thoracic sympathetic chain ganglia
para
-vagus nerve
afferent fibers run with the sympathetic nerves (enter the spinal cord through the posterior roots of T1-T4)
inferior wall: may have fibers enterint T7-T9 —> epigastric pain
MI REFERRED PAIN VIA
Upper 4 intercostal nerves intercostobrachial nerve (T2) -communicates with the medial cutaneous nerve of the arm
action of sartorius
flexes, abducts, laterally rotates thigh
flexes and medially rotates leg at knee joint
attachments of sartorius
O: ASIS
I: upper medial surface of shaft of tibia
actions of pectineus
flexes and adducts thigh at hip joint
attachments of pectineus
O: superior ramus of pubis
I: upper end of linea asperaª of shaft of femur
ªlinea aspera is situiated in the upper part of posterior aspect of femur
actions of tensor fascia lata
abduction of thigh
medial rotation of thigh
parathyroid glands that are more constant in position
2 superior parathyroid glands
-lie at the level of the middle of the posterior border of the thyroid gland
remarks on inferior parathyroid gland
usually lie close to the inferior poles of the thyroid gland
may lie within or outside the fascial sheath
sometimes, they are found some distance caudal to the thyroid gland, in association with the INFERIOR THYROID VEINS
or may even reside in the SUPERIOR MEDIASTINUM in the thorax
blood supply of parathyroid glands
superior and inferior thyroid arteries
*S,M, I tyroid veins
lymph drainage of parathyroid glands
deep cervical and paratracheal lymph nodes
nerve supply of parathyroid glands
superior or middle cervical sympathetic ganglia
nerve supply of thyroid gland
superior, middle, and inferior cervical sympathetic ganglia
route of spread of infection to the middle ear
AUDITORY TUBE
- from nasopharynx
- anterior wall of tympanic cavity; “Carotid wall”
the mastoid process begins to develop when
during the 2nd year of life
