Anatomy/Histology Flashcards by Venessa Marie Pagalilauan

Due to the failure of neural crest cell migration secondary to a RET mutation, the distal colon does not have Auerbach and Meissner plexuses

Hirschsprung Disease

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loss of coordination of voluntary movements); rate, range and force of movements are abnormal resulting to intention tremor

Ataxia

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overshoots or undershoots when attempting to touch a target

Dysmetria

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inability to perform rapid alternating movements

Dysdiadochokinesia

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Ataxia, Dysmetria and dysdiadokinesia are lesions found in which lobe of the cerebellum

Posterior

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medial to the ant. belly of Digastric, symphysis of mandible superiorly and hyoid inferiorly

Level IA-Submental nodes

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deep to SCM, post. to post. belly of Digastric, superior to hyoid, inferior to CN XI

Level IIA – Jugulo-digastric nodes

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Cervical lymph node superior to CN XI

Level IIB – Submuscular;

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Cervical lymph node inferior to hyoid, superior to Cricoid, deep to SCM

Level III-Middle Jugular

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inferior to Cricoid, superior to clavicle, deep to SCM

Level IV – Lower Jugular

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Cervival lymph node inferior and medial to splenius capitis and trapezius, superior toCNXI

Level VA – lateral to SCM

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Cervical lymph node lateral to SCM, medial to trapezius, inferior to CN XI, superior to clavicle

Level VB

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inferior to hyoid, superior to suprasternal notch, medial to
strap muscles

Level VI – Ant. Compartment nodes

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inferior to suprasternal notch

Level VII – Paratracheal nodes

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Primary tumors within the Oral cavity and Lip metastasize to nodes in levels

I, II and III

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Larynx lies at which level/s of the cervical vertebrae

4,5,6

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narrowest part of the laryngeal cavity; space between the vocal folds and arytenoid cartilages

Rima Glottidis

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Supplies circothyroid

External LN

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Sensory above vocal cord area

Internal LN

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The cervical plexus is formed by the

Anterior rrami of the first four cervical nerves

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Branches of the cervical plexus

Cutaneous
Muscular branches to neck muscles
Nerve supply to the diaphragm: Phrenic

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Cutaneous branch of the cervical plexus supplying the lateral part of occipital region and medial surface of the auricle

Lesser occipital (C2)

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Cutaneous branch of the cervical plexus supplying the angle of the mandible, parotid gland and auricle

Greater auricle (C2 and C3)

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Cutaneous branch of the cervical plexus supplying the anterior and lateral surfaces of the neck

Transverse cutaneous (C2 and C3)

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Cutaneous branch of the cervical plexus supplying the chest wall, shoulder and upper half on deltoid region

Supraclavicular (C3 and C4)

Muscular branches to the neck muscles supplying the ** Prevertebral; Sternocleidomastoid (Proprioceptive)**

C2 and C3

Muscular branches to neck muscles supplying Levator scapulae; Trapezius (Proprioceptive)

C2 and C4

Supplies Omohyoid, Sternohyoid and Sternothyroid

Ansa Cervalis

Only motor nerve supply to the diaphragm

Phrenic nerve

Phrenic nerve arises from which cervical nerves?

C3,C4, and C5

In the neck, the phrenic nerve lies to which muscle

Scalene (anterior)

The thorax is made up of three parts. These are:

Ribs Sternum Thoracic vertebrae

The sternum is a flat bone with three parts. These are

Manubrium Body Xiphoid process

All of the following anatomic features occur at the level of sternal angle EXCEPT: A. Trachea bifurcates into right and left bronchi B. 3rd rib articulates with sternum C. Aortic arch begins D. Aortic arch ends

Junction between the manubrium and body of the sternum

Sternal angle (angle of Louis) ## FOOTNOTE Second ribs articulate with the sternum Aortic arch begins and ends Trachea bifurcates into R / L bronchi Inferior border of superior mediastinum Level of intervertebral disc T4–T5

Part of the sternum that **articulates with the second to seventh costal cartilages*

Body

Articulation of the body of sternum and the siphoid process

Xiphisternal joint ## FOOTNOTE Level of T9

The xiphoid process lies at the level of ___ vertebra

T10 ## FOOTNOTE This marks the lower limit od the thoracic cavity Flat, sword shaped cartilaginous process at birth that ossifies slowly from the central core and unites with the body of the sternum after middle age (becomes bony by 40 years)

Elongated flat bones on each side of the thorax

Ribs ## FOOTNOTE Form the largest part of thoracic cage 12 pairs

This part of the rib has facet w/c articulates w/ Transverse Process of the numerically corresponding vertebra

Tubercle

Part of the rib: stout and flat in between the head and tubercle

Neck

Wedged shape part of the rib with 2 articular facets for articulation

Head

Part of the rib: thin and flat and turns sharply at the ANGLE and has a COSTAL GROOVE that follows the inferior and internal surface of a rib and lodges the intercostal vessels and nerves

Shaft/Body

TYpical ribs consist of

Ribs 3-9 ## FOOTNOTE have all of the following characteristics: a tubercle, a head, a neck, an angle and a shaft.

Atypical ribs

1,2,10,11,12 ## FOOTNOTE any rib that is missing one of the parts of a rib

broadest and shortest of the True ribs with single articular facet

Rib 1

twice as long as first rib; has tuberosity for SERRATUS ANTERIOR

Second rib

single articular facet for T 10

Rib 10

Ribs that have a single articular facet; NO neck or tubercle

Ribs 11 and 12

Rib fractures commonly occur at which part?

Anterior to the **angle** of the wib ## FOOTNOTE This is the weakest point of the rib

Most commonly fracture ribs

5th to 10th rib ## FOOTNOTE first rib is rarely fractured

Contains the heart and the lungs, the great blood vessels, esophagus, trachea, thoracic duct and neurovascular structures supplying visceral structures

Chest cavity / Thoracic Cavity ## FOOTNOTE Separated from the abdominal caviy by the diaphragm

Where the Thoracic cavity communicates with the root of the neck

Thoracic outlet ## FOOTNOTE Boundaries: Post – First Thoracic Vert Lat – Medial border First rib Ant – Manubrium sterni

Determine which syndrome is being pertained by the following descriptions: Symptoms caused by pressure on the lower trunk of the plexus producing pain down the medial forearm and hand; wasting of hand muscles Pressure on the blood vessels may compromise the circulation of upper limb

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

How many muscles are there in the thoracic wall

The vertical diametes (increases,decreases) during inspiration

Increases

Anteroposterior diameter (increases,decreases) during inspiration

Increases

During inspiration, the transverse diameter (increases,decreases)

Increases

Sternum moves (up,down) during inspiration whicch (increases,decreases) the ateroposterior diameter

Up; increasee

Which muscles depresses the ribs

Serratus posterior inferior Internal Intercostal Transverse throracis

During thoracentesis, to avoid damage to the intercostal nerve and vessels the needle is inserted (above,below) the rib

Above

Thoracentesis is introduced into the pleural cavity in the midaxillary line in the (7th,8th) ICS

8th

Order of the structures from toop to the botton of an intercostal space

Veins Arteries Nerve

Nerves of the thorcaic wall

Intercostal nerves

Nerves of the thoracic wall

INtercostal Nerves ## FOOTNOTE Anterior rami of the firt 11 thorcic spinal nerves

The internal thoracic/internal mammary artery supplies the thorcacic wall. This artery arises from

First part of the subclavian artery

Supplies the first 2 spaces of the posterior intercostal arteries

Superrior intercostal artery ## FOOTNOTE Branch of the costocervical trunk of the subclavian artery

Supplies the lower 9 posterior intercostal spaces (3rd to 12th)

Branches of the **descending thoracic aorta**

The first 6 anterior ntercostal arteries is supplied by the

Internal thorcic artery

7th tto 9th anterior ICS iare supplied by the

Musculophrenic artery

Superior epigastric artery supplies what ICS?

10th - 12th

Posterior Intercostal vein of the thoracic wall drains into the

Azygous/hemiazygous veins

Antterior intercostal artery of the thoracic wall drains into the

Internal thorcic vein

The Thoracic duct empties into what Vein?

Left brachiocephalic vein

Right side of the head and neck, right upper body extremity, righ breast and righ lungs drains into the

Right lymphatic duct

Anatomy/Histology Flashcards

(75 cards)