Anatomy I Review Flashcards
(145 cards)
1
Q
Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation
?
A
- Suprascapular fossa
- Greater tubercle of the humerus
- Abduct the shoulder
- Suprascapular n. C4, C5, C6
2
Q
Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation
?
A
- Infraspinatus fossa
- Greater tubercle of the humerus
- Laterally rotate the shoulder, adduct the shoulder
- Suprascapular n. C4, C5, C6
3
Q
Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation
?
A
Teres Minor m.
- Upper 2/3 of lateral border of the scapula
- Greater tubercle of the humerus
- Laterally rotate the shoulder, adduct the shoulder
- Axillary n. C5, C6
4
Q
Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation
?
A
Subscapularis m.
- Subscapular fossa
- Lesser tubercle of the humerus
- Medially rotate the shoulder
- Upper and lower subscapular n. C5, C6, C7
5
Q
Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation
?
A
Deltoid m.
- Lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula
- Deltoid tuberosity
- All: abduct
- Anterior fibers: flex, medially rotate, horizontally adduct
- Posterior fibers: extend, laterally rotate, horizontally abduct
- Axillary n. C5, C6
6
Q
Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation
?
A
Teres Major m.
- Inferior angle and Lower 1/3 of lateral border of scapula
- Crest of the lesser tubercle
- Extend, adduct, medially rotate
- Lower subscapular n. C5, C6, C7
7
Q
Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation
?
A
Trapezius m.
- External occipital protuberance, medial portion of superior nuchal line of the occiput, ligamentum nuchae, and spinous processes of C7- T12
- Lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, and spine of the scapula
- Upper fibers: Bilaterally: extend the head and neck
- Unilaterally: Laterally flex, rotate, elevate, upwardly rotate the scapula
- Middle fibers: adduct (retract scap)
- Lower fibers: Depress the scapula, upwardly rotate the scapula
- Spinal portion of cranial never XI and ventral ramus C2, C3, C4
8
Q
Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation
?
A
- Inferior angle of scapula, spinous processes of last 6 thoracic vertebrae, last 3 or 4 ribs, thoracolumbar aponeurosis, and posterior iliac crest
- Intertubercular groove of the humerus
- Extend, adduct, medially rotate
- Thoracodorsal n. C6, C7, C8
9
Q
Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation
?
A
- Transverse process of 1st – 4th cervical vertebrae
- Medial border of scapula, between superior angle and superior portion of spine of scapula
- Unilaterally: Elevate, downwardly rotate, laterally flex the head and neck, rotate head and neck same side
- Bilaterally: Extend the head and neck
- Cervical C3, C4 and dorsal scapular n. C4, C5
10
Q
Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation
?
A
- Major: spinous process of T2-T5
- Major: medial border of the scapula between the spine of the scapula and inferior angle
- Adduct, elevate, downwardly rotate the scapula
- Dorsal scapular n. C4, C5
11
Q
?
A
- Spinous process of C7-T1
- Upper portion of medial border of the scapula, across from spine of the scapula
- Adduct, elevate, downwardly rotate the scapula
- Dorsal scapular n. C4, C5
11
Q
?
A
- Minor: Spinous process of C7-T1
- Minor: upper portion of medial border of the scapula, across from spine of the scapula
- Adduct, elevate, downwardly rotate the scapula
- Dorsal scapular n. C4, C5
12
Q
Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation
?
A
- Medial half of clavicle, sternum and cartilage of 1st-6th ribs
- Crest of the greater tubercle
- All fibers: Adduct, medially rotate
- Upper fibers: Flex and horizontally adduct the shoulder
- Lower fibers: extend the shoulder
- Upper fibers: lateral pectoral n. C5, C6, C7
- Lower fibers: Lateral and medial pectoral n. C6, C7, C8, T1
13
Q
Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation
?
A
- External surfaces of upper eight or nine ribs
- Anterior surface of medial border of the scapula
- With origin fixed: Abduct the scapula, upwardly rotate the scapula, depress the scapula, hold the medial border of the scapula against the rib cage
- With scapula fixed: May act to elevate the thorax during forced inhalation
- Long thoracic n. C5, C6, C7, C8
14
Q
Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation
?
A
- 3rd, 4th, and 5th ribs
- Medial surface of coracoid process of the scapula
- Depress the scapula, abduct, downwardly rotate
- W/ scapula fixed: Assist to elevate the thorax during forced inhalation
- Medial pectoral with fibers from a communicating branch of the lateral pectoral n. C6, C7, C8, T1
15
Q
Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation
?
A
- First rib and cartilage
- Inferior surface of middle 1/3 of clavicle
- Depress the clavicle and draw it anteriorly, elevate the 1st rib (to assist during inhalation), stabilize the SC joint
- Subclavian n. C5, C6
16
Q
Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation
?
A
- Short head: coracoid process of scapula
- Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
- Tuberosity of the radius and aponeurosis of biceps brachii
- Flex the elbow, supinate the forearm, flex the shoulder
- Musculocutaneous n. C5, C6
17
Q
Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation
?
A
- Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
- Lateral head: posterior surface of proximal half of the humerus
- Medial head: posterior surface of distal half of the humerus
- Olecranon process of the ulna
- All heads: extend the elbow
- Long head: extend the shoulder and adduct the shoulder
- Radial n. C6, C7, C8, T1
18
Q
Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation
?
A
- Coracoid process of the scapula
- Medial surface of mid-humeral shaft
- Flex the shoulder and adduct the shoulder
- Musculocutaneous n. C6, C7
19
Q
Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation
?
A
- Distal half of anterior surface of humerus
- Tuberosity and coronoid process of ulna
- Flex the elbow
- Musculocutaneous, small branch from radial n. C5, C6
20
Q
Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation
?
A
- Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
- Olecranon process and posterior, proximal surface of ulna
- Extend the elbow
- Radial n. C7, C8
21
Q
Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation
?
A
Flexor digitorum superficialis m.
- Humero-ulnar head: Medial epicondyle if the humerus and coronoid process of the ulna
- Radial head: anterior border of radius distal to the radial tuberosity
- The sides of the middle phalanges of the 2nd-5th digits
- Wrist joints and MCP and PIP joints of the 2nd-5th digits: flexion
- Median n. C8, T1
22
Q
Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation
?
A
- Humeral head: medial epicondyle
- Ulnar head: coronoid process of the ulna
- Lateral surface of the radius
- Elbow joint: weak flexion
- Forearm joints: pronation
- Medial n. C6, C7
23
Q
Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation
?
A
- Medial epicondyle of the humerus
- Base of the second metacarpal (sometimes 3rd)
- Wrist joints: flexion and abduction (radial deviation) of the hand
- Median n. C6, C7
24
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Flexor carpi ulnaris](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/flexor-carpi-ulnaris-muscle) m.**
* **Humeral head**: medial epicondyle
* **Ulnar head**: olecranon Pisiform, hook of the hamate, base of the 5th metacarpal
* Wrist joints: flexion and adduction (ulnar deviation) of the hand
* Ulnar n. C8, T1
25
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
Palmaris longus
* Medial epicondyle of the humerus
* Palmar aponeurosis
* Wrist joints: flexion tightens the palmar aponeurosis for gripping
* Median n. C7, C8
26
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
Flexor digitorum profundus
* Proximal 2/3 of the flexor surface of the ulna and the adjacent interosseous membrane
* Palmar surface of the distal phalanges of the 2nd-5th
* Wrist joints and the MCP, PIP, and DIP joints of the 2nd-5th digits: flexion
* Median n. C8, T1 (2nd and 3rd digits)
* Ulnar n. C8, T1 (4th and 5th digits)
27
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
Flexor pollicis longus
* Mid-anterior surface of the radius and the adjacent interosseous membrane
* Palmar surface of the distal phalanx of the thumb
* Wrist joints: flexion and radial abduction of the hand
* CMC joints: opposition
* MCP and IP joints: flexion
* Median n. C8, T1
28
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
Pronator quadratus
* Distal ¼ of the anterior surface of the ulna
* Distal ¼ of the anterior surface of the radius
* Pronates the hand, stabilizes the distal radioulnar joint
* Median n. C8, T1
29
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
Extensor Digitorum
* Common head (lateral epicondyle of the humerus)
* Dorsal digital expansion of the 2nd-5th digits
* Wrist joints: extension, adduction (ulnar deviation)
* MCP, PIP, and DIP joints of 5th digit: extension and abduction of the 5th digit
* Radial n. C7, C8
30
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
Extensor digiti minimi
* Common head (lateral epicondyle of the humerus)
* Dorsal digital expansion of the 5th digit
* Wrist joints: extension, adduction (ulnar deviation)
* MCP, PIP, DIP joints of the 5th digit: extension and abduction of the 5th digit
* Radial n. C7, C8
32
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
Extensor carpi ulnaris
* Common head (lateral epicondyle of the humerus), ulnar head
* Base of the 5th metacarpal
* Wrist joints: extension, adduction (ulnar deviation) of the hand
* Radial n. C7, C8
33
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
Supinator
* Olecranon of the ulna, lateral epicondyle of the humerus, radial collateral ligament
* Radius
* Radioulnar joint: supination
* Radial n. C7, C8
34
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
Abductor pollicis longus
* Dorsal surfaces of the radius and ulna, also the interosseous
* Base of the 1st metacarpal
* **Radiocarpal joint**: abduction of the hand
* **Carpometacarpal joint of the thumb**: abduction
* Radial n. C7, C8
35
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
Extensor Pollicis brevis
* Posterior surface of the radius and the interosseous membrane
* Base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb
* **Radiocarpal joint**: abduction
* **CMC and MCP** joints of the thumb: extension
* Radial n. C7, C8
36
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
Extensor pollicis longus
* Posterior surface of the ulna and the interosseous membrane
* Base of the distal phalanx of the thumb
* **Wrist joints**: extension and abduction (radial deviation) of the hand
* **CMC joint of the thumb**: adduction
* **MCP and IP joints of the thumb**: extension
* Radial n. C7, C8
37
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Extensor Indicis](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/extensor-indicis-muscle) m.**
* Posterior surface of the ulna and the interosseous membrane
* Posterior digital expansion of the 2nd digit
* **Wrist joint**: extension
* **MCP, PIP, and DIP** joints of 2nd digit: extension
* Radial n. C7, C8
38
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Brachioradialis](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/brachioradialis-muscle) m.**
* Lateral surface of the distal humerus, lateral intermuscular septum
* Styloid process of the radius
* **Elbow joint**: flexion
* **Forearm joints**: semi pronation
* Radial n. C5, C6
39
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Extensor carpi radialis longus](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/extensor-carpi-radialis-longus-muscle) m.**
* Lateral surface of the distal humerus (lateral supracondylar ridge), lateral intermuscular septum
* Dorsal base of the 2nd metacarpal
* **Wrist joints**: dorsal extension, abduction (radial deviation) of the hand
* Radial nerve
40
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Extensor carpi radialis brevis](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/extensor-carpi-radialis-brevis-muscle) m.**
* Lateral epicondylar of the humerus
* Dorsal base if the 3rd metacarpal
* **Wrist joints**: dorsal extension, abduction (radial deviation) of the hand
* Radial n. C7, C8
41
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Abductor Pollicis Brevis](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/abductor-pollicis-brevis-muscle) m.**
* Flexor retinaculum, trapezium, and scaphoid tubercles
* Base of proximal phalanx of thumb
* Abduct the thumb
* Median n. C6, C7, C8, T1
42
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Flexor Pollicis Brevis](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/flexor-pollicis-brevis-muscle) m.**
* **Superficial head**: flexor retinaculum
* **Deep head**: trapezium, trapezoid, and capitate
* Base of proximal phalanx of thumb
* Flex the thumb; assist in opposition
* **Superficial head**: median n. C6, C7, C8, T1
* **Deep head**: Ulnar n. C8, T1
43
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Opponens Pollicis](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/opponens-pollicis-muscle) m.**
* Flexor retinaculum and tbercle of the trapezium
* Entire length of first metacarpal bone, radial surface
* Opposition of the thumb at the CMC joint
* Median n. C6, C7, C8, T1
44
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Adductor Pollicis](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/adductor-pollicis-muscle) m.**
* Capitate, second and third metacarpals
* Base of proximal phalanx of thumb
* Adduct the thumb; assist to flex the thumb
* Ulnar n. C8, T1
45
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Lumbricals](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/lumbrical-muscles-of-the-hand) of the hand**
* Surfaces of the flexor digitorum profundus tendons
* Extensor aponeurosis on dorsal surface of phalanges
* Extend the 2-5th fingers at the IP joints;
* Flex the 2-5th fingers at the MCP joints
* **2nd and 3rd**: median n. C6, C7, C8, T1
* **4th and 5th**: ulnar n. C7, C8, T1
46
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
[**Palmar Interossei**](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/palmar-interossei-muscles)
* Base of 1st, 2nd, 4th, 5th metacarpals
* Base of the proximal phalanx of the related finger and extensor aponeurosis
* Adduct the thumb, 2nd, 4th, 5th;
* Assist to flex the thumb 2nd, 4th, 5th; assist to extend the thumb 2nd, 4th, 5th at the IP joints
* Ulnar n. C8, T1
47
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Dorsal Interossei](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/dorsal-interossei-muscles-of-the-hand)**
* Adjacent sides of all metacarpals
* Base of the proximal phalanx of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th fingers and the extensor aponeurosis
* Abduct the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th fingers at MCP joints;
* Assist to flex of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th fingers MCP;
* Assist to extend the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th fingers at the IP joints
* Ulnar n. C8, T1
48
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Abductor digiti minimi](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/abductor-digiti-minimi-muscle-of-hand) m.**
* Pisiform and tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris
* Base of the proximal phalanx of 5th finger and ulnar surface
* Abduct the 5th finger
* Ulnar n. C7, C8, T1
49
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Flexor digiti Minimi brevis](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anato) m.**
* Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
* Base of proximal phalanx of 5th finger, palmar surface
* Flex the finger; assist in opposition of 5th finger toward the thumb
* Ulnar n. C7, C8, T1
50
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Opponens Digiti minimi](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/opponens-digiti-minimi-muscle) m.**
* Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
* Shaft of 5th metacarpal, ulnar surface
* Opposition of 5th finger at the CMC joint
* Ulnar n. C7, C8, T1
51
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Splenius Capitis](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/splenius-capitis-muscle) m.**
* Inferior one half of ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes of C7 to T4
* Mastoid process and lateral portion of superior nuchal line
* **Unilaterally**: rotate the head and neck to the same side; laterally flex the head and neck to the same side
* **Bilaterally**: extend the head and neck
* Cervical
52
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Splenius Cervicis](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/splenius-cervicis-muscle) m.**
* Spinous processes of T3 to T6
* Transverse processes of C1 to C3
* **Unilaterally**: rotate the head and neck to the same side; laterally flex the head and neck to the same side
* **Bilaterally**: extend the head and neck
* Cervical
53
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Rectus capitis Posterior major](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/rectus-capitis-posterior-major-muscle) m.**
* Spinous process of the axis (C2)
* Inferior nuchal line of the occiput
* Rotate the head to the same side; rock and tilt the head back into extension
* Suboccipital
54
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Rectus capitis posterior minor](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/rectus-capitis-posterior-minor-muscle) m.**
* Tubercle of the posterior arch of the atlas (C1)
* Inferior nuchal line of the occiput
* Rock and tilt the head back into extension
* Suboccipital
55
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Oblique capitis superior](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/obliquus-capitis-superior-muscle) m.**
* Transverse process of the atlas (C1)
* Between the nuchal lines of the occiput
* Rock and tilt the head back into extension; laterally flex the head to the same side
* Suboccipital
56
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Oblique capitis inferior](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/obliquus-capitis-inferior-muscle) m.**
* Spinous process of the axis (C2)
* Transverse process of the atlas (C1)
* Rotate the head to the same side
* Suboccipital
57
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Spinalis](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/spinalis-muscle) m.**
* (**O.**) Spinous processes of upper lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae (thoracis);
* (**O.**) Ligamentum nuchae, spinous process of C7 (cervicis)
* (**In.**)Spinous process of upper thoracic (thoracis) and spinous process of cervical (cervicis)
* **Unilaterally**: laterally flex vertebral column to the same side
* **Bilaterally**: extend the vertebral column
* Spinal
58
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Longissimus](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/longissimus-muscle) m.**
* (**O.**) Common tendon (thoracis);
* (**O.**) Transverse processes of upper five thoracic vertebrae (cervicis and capitis)
* (**In.**) Lower nine ribs and transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae (thoracis);
* (**In.**) Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae (cervicis)
* (**In.**) Mastoid process of temporal bone (capitis)
* **Unilaterally**: laterally flex vertebral column to the same side
* **Bilaterally**: extend the vertebral column
* Spinal
59
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Iliocostalis](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/iliocostalis-muscle) m.**
* (**O.**) Common tendon (lumborum),
* (**O.**) Posterior surface of ribs 1-12 (thoracis and cervicis)
* (**In.**) Transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae 1-3 and posterior surface of rubs 6-12 (lumborum)
* (**In.**) Posterior surface of ribs 1-6 (thoracis)
* (**In.**) Transverse processes of lower cervicals (cervicis)
* **Unilaterally**: laterally flex vertebral column to the same side
* **Bilaterally**: extend the vertebral column
* Spinal
60
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Multifidi](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/multifidus-muscle) m.**
* Sacrum and transverse processes of lumbar through cervical vertebrae
* Spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae through second cervical vertebra (span 2-4 vertebrae)
* **Unilaterally**: rotate the vertebral column to the opposite side
* **Bilaterally**: extend the vertebral column
* Spinal
61
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Rotatores](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/rotatores-muscles) m.**
* Transverse processes of lumbar through cervical vertebrae
* Spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae through second cervical vertebra (span 1-2 vertebra)
* **Unilaterally**: rotate the vertebral column to the opposite side
* **Bilaterally**: extend the vertebral column
* Spinal
62
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Semispinalis capitis](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/semispinalis-capitis-muscle) m.**
* Transverse processes of C4-T5
* Between the superior and inferior nuchal lines of the occiput
* Extend the vertebral column
* cervical
63
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Quadratus Lumborum](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/quadratus-lumborum-muscle) m.**
* Posterior iliac crest
* Last rib and transverse processes of first through fourth lumbar vertebrae
* **Unilaterally**: laterally tilt (elevate) the pelvis, laterally flex the vertebral column to the same side, assist to extend the vertebral column
* **Bilaterally**: fix the last rib during forced inhalation
* Lumbar plexus T12, L1, L2, L3
64
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Intertraversarii](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/intertransversarii-laterales-lumborum-muscles) m.**
* (**O**.) **Cervical**: spanning the transverse processes of vertebrae C2-C7
* (**O**.) **Lumbar**: spanning the transverse processes of vertebrae L1-5
* (**In**.) **Cervical**: spanning the transverse processes of vertebrae C2-C7
* (**In**.) **Lumbar**: spanning the transverse processes of vertebrae L1-5
* **Unilaterally**: laterally flex the vertebral column to the same side
* **Bilaterally**: extend the vertebral column
* Spinal
65
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Interspinalis](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/interspinales-muscles) m.**
* (**O**.) **Cervical**: spanning the spinous processes of C2 to T3
* (**O**.) **Lumbar**: spanning the spinous processes of T12 – L5
* (**In**.) **Cervical**: spanning the spinous processes of C2 to T3
* (**In**.) Lumbar: spanning the spinous processes of T12 – L5
* Extend the vertebral column
* Spinal
66
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Rectus abdominis](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/rectus-abdominis-muscle) m.**
* Pubic crest, pubic symphysis
* Cartilage of 5th, 6th, and 7th ribs and xiphoid process
* Flex the vertebral column; tilt the pelvis posteriorly
* T5–12, ventral rami
67
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[External obliques](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/external-abdominal-oblique-muscle) m.**
* External surfaces of 5th-12th ribs
* Anterior part of the iliac crest, abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba
* **Unilaterally**: laterally flex vertebral column to the same side, rotate vertebral column to the opposite side
* **Bilaterally**: flex the vertebral column; compress abdominal contents
* T5-12
68
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Internal Obliques](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/internal-abdominal-oblique-muscle) m.**
* Lateral inguinal ligament, iliac crest and thoracolumbar fascia
* Internal surface of lower three ribs, abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba
* **Unilaterally**: laterally flex the vertebral column to the same ide, rotate vertebral column to the opposite side
* **Bilaterally**: flex the vertebral column; compress abdominal contents
* T7-12, L1, iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal, ventral rami
69
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Transverse abdominis](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/transversus-abdominis-muscle) m.**
* Lateral inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia and internal surface of lower six ribs
* Abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba
* Compress abdominal contents
* T7-12, iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal, ventral divisions
70
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Diaphragm](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/diaphragm) m.**
* (**O**.) **Costal attachments**: inner surface of lower six ribs
* (**O**.) **Lumbar attachments**: upper 2 or 3 lumbar vertebrae
* (**O**.) **Sternal attachment**: inner part of xiphoid process
* (**In**.) Central tendon
* Draw down the central tendon of the diaphragm; increase the volume of the thoracic cavity during inhalation
* Phrenic n. C3, C4, C5
71
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
Intercostals
* Inferior border of the rib above
* Superior border of the rib below
* **External intercostals**: draw ribs superiorly (increasing space of the thoracic cavity) to assist with inhalation
* **Internal intercostals**: draw the ribs inferiorly (decreasing the space of the thoracic cavity)
* Thoracic
72
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Serratus posterior superior](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/serratus-posterior-muscles) m.**
* Spinous process of C7-T3
* Posterior surface of second through fifth ribs
* Elevate the ribs during inhalation
* T1-4
73
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Serratus posterior inferior](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/serratus-posterior-muscles) m.**
* Spinous process of T12 – L3
* Posterior surface of 9th – 12th ribs
* Depress the ribs during exhalation
* T9-12
74
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Platysma](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/the-platysma) m.**
* Skin over lower neck and upper lateral thorax
* Mandible (inferior border), skin over lower face and angle of mouth
* Depresses and wrinkles skin of lower face and mouth, tenses skin of neck, aids forced depression of mandible
* Cervical branch of facial n. (CN VII)
75
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Sternocleidomastoid](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/sternocleidomastoid-muscle) m.**
* (**O**.) **Sternal head**: Sternum (manubrium)
* (**O**.) **Clavicular head**: Clavicle (medial one third)
* (**In**.) **Sternal & Clavicular heads**: Temporal bone (mastoid process), occipital bone (superior nuchal line)
* **Unilateral**: Tilts head to same side, rotates head to opposite side
* **Bilateral**: Extends head, aids in respiration when head is fixed
* Accessory n. (CN XI)
76
Branches of Spinal Nerves in Neck
| Go back later
77
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Gluteus Maximus](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/gluteus-maximus-muscle) m.**
* Coccyx, edge of sacrum, posterior iliac crest, sacrotuberous and sacroiliac ligaments
* Iliotibial tract (upper fibers) and gluteal tuberosity (lower fibers)
* **All fibers**: Extend the hip, laterally rotate the hip, abduct
* **Lower fiber**: Adduct the hip
* Inferior gluteal n. L5, S1, S2
78
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Gluteus Medius](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/gluteus-medius-and-minimus-muscles) m.**
* Gluteal surface of ilium, between posterior and anterior gluteal lines, just below the iliac crest
* Lateral aspect of greater trochanter
* **All fibers**: abduct the hip
* **Anterior fibers**: flex the hip, medially rotate
* **Posterior fibers**: extend the hip, laterally rotate the hip
* Superior gluteal n. L4, L5, S1
79
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Gluteus Minimus](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/gluteus-minimus-muscle) m.**
* Gluteal surface of the ilium between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines
* Anterior aspect of greater trochanter
* Abduct the hip, medially rotate the hip, flex the hip
* Superior gluteal n. L4, L5, S1
80
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
Tensor Fasciae Latae & Iliotibial Tract
* Iliac crest, posterior to the ASIS
* Iliotibial band
* Flex the hip, medially rotate the hip, abduct the hip
* Superior gluteal n. L4, L5, S1
81
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Piriformis](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/piriformis-muscle) m.**
* Anterior surface of sacrum
* Superior aspect of greater trochanter
* Laterally rotate the hip, abduct the hip when the hip is flexed
* Sacral plexus L5, S1, S2
82
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Quadratus femoris](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/quadratus-femoris-muscle) m.**
* Lateral border of ischial tuberosity
* Intertrochanteric crest between the greater and lesser trochanters
* Laterally rotate the hip
* Sacral plexus L4, L5, S1, S2
83
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Obturator externus](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/obturator-externus-muscle) m.**
* Rami of pubis and ischium, obturator membrane
* Trochanteric fossa of femur
* Laterally rotate the hip
* Obturator n. L3, L4
84
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Obturator internus](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/obturator-internus-muscle) m.**
* Obturator membrane and inferior surface of obturator foramen
* Medial surface of greater trochanter
* Laterally rotate the hip
* Sacral plexus L5, S1, S2
85
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Gemellus superior](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/superior-gemellus-muscle) m.**
* Ischial spine
* Medial surface of greater trochanter
* Laterally rotate the hip
* Sacral plexus L5, S1, S2
86
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Gemellus inferior](https://www.kenhub.com/en/atlas/musculus-gemellus-inferior) m.**
* Ischial tuberosity
* Medial surface of greater trochanter
* Laterally rotate
* Sacral plexus L4, L5, S1, S2
87
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Iliacus](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/iliacus-muscle) m.**
* Iliac fossa
* Lesser trochanter
* **W/ origin fixed**: flex the hip and may laterally rotate the hip
* **W/ insertion fixed**: flex the trunk toward the thigh, tilt pelvis anteriorly
* Femoral L1, L2, L3, L4
88
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Psoas Major](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/psoas-major-muscle) m.**
* Bodies and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae
* Lesser trochanter
* **W/ origin fixed**: flex the hip, may laterally rotate the hip
* **W/ insertion fixed**: flex the trunk toward the thigh, tilt pelvis anteriorly
* Lumbar plexus L1, L2, L3, L4
89
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Psoas Minor](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/psoas-minor-muscle) m.**
* Body and transverse process of lumbar vertebrae
* Superior ramus of pubis
* Assist to create lordotic curvature in the lumbar spine; tilt the pelvis posteriorly
* Lumbar plexus L1, L2
90
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Rectus femoris](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/the-quadriceps-femoris-muscle) m.**
* Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)
* Tibial tuberosity (via the patella and patella ligament)
* Extend the knee, flex the hip
* Femoral n. L2, L3, L4
91
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Vastus medialis](https://www.kenhub.com/en/atlas/musculus-vastus-medialis) m.**
* Medial lip of the linea aspera
* Tibial tuberosity (via the patella and patella ligament)
* Extend the knee
* Femoral n. L2, L3, L4
92
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Vastus lateralis](https://www.kenhub.com/en/atlas/musculus-vastus-lateralis) m.**
* Lateral lip of linea aspera, gluteal tuberosity and greater trochanter
* Tibial tuberosity (via the patella and patella ligament)
* Extend the knee, flex the hip
* Femoral n. L2, L3, L4
93
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Vastus intermedius](https://www.kenhub.com/en/atlas/musculus-vastus-intermedius) m.**
* Anterior and lateral shaft of the femur
* Tibial tuberosity (via the patella and patella ligament)
* Extend the knee, flex the hip
* Femoral n. L2, L3, L4
94
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Biceps femoris](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/biceps-femoris-muscle) m.**
* (**O**.) **Long head**: ischial tuberosity
* (**O**.) **Short head**: lateral lip of linea aspera
* (**I**.) Head of the fibula
* Flex the knee, laterally rotate the flexed knee, tilt the pelvis posteriorly
* (**In**.) **Long head**: extend the hip, assist to laterally rotate the hip Long head: sciatic (tibial branch) L5, S1, S2, S3
* (**In**.) **Short head**: sciatic (peroneal branch) L5, S1, S2
95
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Semitendinosus](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/semitendinosus-muscle) m.**
* Ischial tuberosity
* Proximal, medial shaft of this tibia at pes anserinus tendon
* Flex the knee, medially rotate the flexed knee, extend the hip, assist to medially rotate the hip, tilt the pelvis posteriorly
* Sciatic (tibial branch) L4, L5, S1, S2
96
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Semimembranosus](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/semimembranosus-muscle) m.**
* Ischial tuberosity
* Posterior aspect of medial condyle of tibia
* Flex the knee, medially rotate the flexed knee, extend the hip, assist to medially rotate the hip, tilt the pelvis posteriorly
* Sciatic (tibial branch) L4, L5, S1, S2
97
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Adductor Magnus](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/adductor-magnus) m.**
* Inferior ramus of the pubis, ramus of ischium and ischial tuberosity
* Medial lip of linea aspera and adductor tubercle
* Adduct the hip, medially rotate the hip, assist to flex the hip
* **Posterior fibers**: extend the hip
* **Obturator** L2, L3, L4, & **Sciatic** L4, L5, S1
98
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Pectineus](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/pectineus-muscle) m.**
* Superior ramus of pubis
* Pectineal line of femur
* Adduct the hip, medially rotate the hip, assist to flex the hip
* Femoral & obturator L2, L3, L4
99
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Gracilis](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/gracilis-muscle) m.**
* Inferior ramus of pubis
* Proximal, medial shaft of tibia at pes anserinus tendon
* Adduct the hip, medially rotate the hip, flex the knee, medially rotate the flexed knee
* Obturator n. L2, L3, L4
100
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Adductor longus](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/adductor-longus-muscle) m.**
* Pubic turbercle
* Medial lip of linea aspera
* Adduct the hip, medially rotate the hip, assist to flex the hip
* Obturator n. L2, L3, L4
101
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Adductor brevis](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/adductor-brevis-muscle) m.**
* Inferior ramus of pubis
* Pectineal line and medial lip of linea aspera
* Adduct the hip, medially rotate the hip, assist to flex the hip
* Obturator n. L2, L3, L4
102
# Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation
**?**
**[Sartorius](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/the-sartorius-muscle) m.**
* Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
* Proximal, medial shaft of the tibia at pes anserinus
* Flex the hip, laterally rotate the hip, abduct the hip, flex the knee, medially rotate the flexed knee
* Femoral n. L2, L3, L4
103
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Gastrocnemius](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/gastrocnemius-muscle) m.**
* Condyles if the femur, posterior surfaces
* Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
* Flex the knee, plantar flex the ankle
* Tibial n. S1, S2
104
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Soleus](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/soleus-muscle) m.**
* Soleal line; proximal, posterior surface of tibia and posterior aspect of head of fibula
* Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
* Plantar flex the ankle
* Tibial n. L5, S1, S2
105
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Plantaris](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/plantaris-muscle) m.**
* Lateral supracondylar line of femur
* Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
* Weak plantar flexion of the ankle, weak flexion of the knee
* Tibial n. L4, L5, S1
106
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Popliteus](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/popliteus-muscle) m.**
* Lateral condyle of the femur
* Proximal, posterior aspect of tibia
* Medially rotate the flexed knee, flex the knee
* Tibial n. L4, L5, S1
107
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Peroneus Longus](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/peroneus-longus-muscle) m.**
* Head of the fibula and proximal 2/3 of lateral fibula
* Base if the 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform
* Evert the foot, assist to plantar flex the ankle
* Superficial peroneal n. L4, L5, S1
108
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Peroneus Brevis](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/fibularis-brevis-muscle) m.**
* Distal 2/3 of lateral fibula
* Tuberosity of 5th metatarsal
* Evert the foot, assist to plantar flex the ankle
* Superficial peroneal n. L4, L5, S1
109
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Tibialis anterior](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/tibialis-anterior-muscle) m.**
* Lateral condyle of tibia; proximal, lateral surface if tibia and interosseous membrane
* Medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal
* Invert the foot, dorsiflex the ankle
* Deep peroneal n. L4, L5, S1
110
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Extensor digitorum longus](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/extensor-digitorum-longus-muscle) m.**
* Lateral condyle of tibia; proximal, anterior shaft of fibula and interosseous membrane
* Middle and distal phalanges of 2nd -5th toes
* Extend the 2nd -5th toes, dorsiflex the ankle, evert the foot
* Peroneal n. L4, L5, S1
111
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Extensor hallucis longus](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/extensor-hallucis-longus-muscle) m.**
* Middle, anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
* Distal phalanx of 1st toe
* Extend the 1st toe, dorsiflex the ankle, and invert the foot
* Deep peroneal n. L4, L5, S1
112
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Tibialis posterior](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/tibialis-posterior-muscle) m.**
* Proximal, posterior shafts of tibia and fibula; and interosseous membrane
* All five tarsal bones and bases of 2nd – 4th metatarsals
* Invert the foot and plantarflex the ankle
* Tibial n. L4, L5, S1
113
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Flexor digitorum longus](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/flexor-digitorum-longus-muscle) m.**
* Middle, posterior surface of tibia
* Distal phalanges of 2nd – 5th toes
* Flex the 2nd – 5th toes, weak plantar flexion of ankle, invert the foot
* Tibial L5, S1, S2
114
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Flexor hallucis longus](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/flexor-hallucis-longus-muscle) m.**
* Middle half of posterior fibula
* Distal phalanx of 1st toe
* Flex the 1st toe. Weak plantar flexion of ankle, invert the foot
* Tibial L5, S1, S2
115
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Extensor digitorum brevis](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/extensor-digitorum-brevis-muscle) m.**
* Dorsal surface of calcaneus
* 2nd – 4th toes via the extensor digitorum longus tendons
* Extend the 2nd – 4th toes
* Deep peroneal L4, L5, S1
116
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Flexor digitorum brevis](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/flexor-digitorum-brevis-muscle) m.**
* Medial process of calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis
* Middle phalanges of 2nd – 5th toes
* Flex middle phalanges of the 2nd – 5th toes
* Tibial L4, L5, S1
117
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Abductor Hallucis] (https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/abductor-hallucis-muscle) m.**
* Medial process of calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis
* Proxinal phalanx of 1st toe (medial surface) and medial sesamoid bone
* Abduct the 1st toe, assist to flex the 1st toe
* Tibial L4, L5, S1
118
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Abductor digiti Minimi](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/abductor-digiti-minimi-muscle) m.**
* Lateral process of calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis
* Proximal phalanx of 5th toe (lateral surface)
* Flex the 5th toe, assist abduct the 5th toe
* Tibial S1, S2
119
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Extensor hallucis Brevis](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/extensor-hallucis-brevis-muscle) m.**
* Dorsal surface of calcaneus
* Proximal phalanx of 1st toe
* Extend the 1st toe
* Deep peroneal L4, L5, S1
120
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Flexor hallucis brevis](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/flexor-hallucis-brevis-muscle) m.**
* Plantar surface of cuboid and lateral cuneiform
* Medial and lateral surfaces of base of proximal phalanx of 1st toe
* Flex the 1st toe
* Tibial L4, L5, S1
121
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Adductor hallucis](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/adductor-hallucis-muscle) m.**
* (**O**.) **Oblique head**: bases of 2nd – 4th metatarsals
* (**O**.) **Transverse head**: plantar ligament of 3rd – 5th metatarsophalangeal joints
* Lateral surface of base of proximal phalanx of 1st toe
* Adduct the 1st toe, assist to maintain transverse arch of foot, assist to flex the 1st toe
* Tibial S1, S2
122
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Flexor digiti Minimi Brevis](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/flexor-digiti-minimi-brevis-of-the-foot) m.**
* Base of 5th metatarsal
* Base of proximal phalanx of 5th toe
* Flex the 5th toe
* Tibial S1, S2
123
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Quadratus Plantae](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/quadratus-plantae-muscle) m.**
* Medial and lateral sides of plantar surface of calcaneus
* Posterior, lateral aspect of flexor digitorum longus tendon
* Assist flexor digitorum longus to flex 2nd – 5th toes
* Tibial S1, S2
124
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Plantar interossei](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/plantar-interossei-muscles)** (P.AD)
* Medial surfaces of 3rd–5th metatarsals
* Medial surfaces of proximal phalanges of 3rd–5th toes
* Adduct 3rd–5th toes, flex 3rd–5th toes
* Tibial S1, S2
125
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Dorsal interossei](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/dorsal-interossei-muscles-of-the-foot)** (D.AB)
* Adjacent surfaces of all metatarsals
* (**I**.) **First**: Medial surface of proximal phalanx of 2nd toe
* (**I**.) **2nd–5th**: Lateral surfaces of proximal phalanges of 2nd–4th toes
* Abduct 2nd–4th toes, flex 2nd–4th toes
* Tibial S1, S2
126
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Lumbricals](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/lumbricals-of-foot) of the foot**
* Tendons of flexor digitorum longus
* Bases of proximal phalanges of 2nd – 5th toes and extensor digitorum longus tendons (on dorsal surface of toes)
* Flex the proximal phalanges of 2nd – 5th toes at the MTP joints, Extend the middle and distal phalanges of the 2nd – 5th toes at the IP joints
* **First**: tibial L4, L5, S1
* **2nd–4th**: tibial L4, L5, S1, S2
127
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Masseter](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/masseter-muscle) m.**
* Zygomatic arch
* Angle and ramus of mandible
* Elevate the mandible (TMJ), may assist to protract the mandible
* Trigeminal (V) mandibular division
128
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Temporalis](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/temporalis-muscle) m.**
* Temporal fossa and fascia
* Coronoid process and anterior edge of ramus of the mandible
* Elevate the mandible (TMJ), retract the mandible
* Trigeminal (V) mandibular division
129
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
| 3
**[Suprahyoids](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/suprahyoid-muscles) m.**
* (**O**.) **Geniohyoid**: underside of mandible
* (**O**.) **Mylohyoid**: underside of mandible
* (**O**.) **Stylohyoid**: styloid process
* Hyoid bone Elevate hyoid, depress mandible
* (**In**.) Geniohyoid: C1, 2
* (**In**.) Mylohyoid: trigeminal (V)
* (**In**.) Stylohyoid: Facial (VII)
130
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Digastric](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/digastric-muscle) m.**
* Mastoid process
* Inferior border of the mandible
* **W/ hyoid bone fixed**, depress the mandible (TMJ)
* **W/ mandible fixed**, elevate the hyoid bone, retract the mandible
* **Anterior belly**: Trigeminal (V) mandibular division
* **Posterior belly**: Facial
131
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Infrahyoid](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/infrahyoid-muscles) m.**
* (**O**.) **Sternohyoid** and **sternothyroid**: top of manubrium
* (**O**.) **Thyrohyoid**: thyroid cartilage
* (**O**.) **Omohyoid**: Superior border of the scapula
* (**I**.) **Sternohyoid**, **Thyrohyoid**, and **Omohyoid**: hyoid bone
* (**I**.) **Sternothyroid**: thyroid cartilage
* Depress the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage
* Sternohyoid, Sternothyroid, and Omohyoid: C1, C2, C3
* Thyrohyoid: C1, C2
132
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
**?**
**[Occipitofrontalis](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/occipitofrontalis-muscle) m.**
* Galea aponeurosis
* (**I**.) **Frontalis**: skin superior to eyebrows
* (**I**.) **Occipitalis**: superior nuchal line of the occiput
* **Frontalis**: raise the eyebrows and wrinkle the forehead
* **Occipitalis**: Anchor and retract the galea posteriorly
* Facial (VII)
133
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
Medial Pterygoid
* Medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone and tuberosity of maxilla
* Medial surface of ramus of the mandible
* **Unilaterally**: laterally deviate the mandible to the opposite side
* **Bilaterally**: elevate the mandible, protarct the mandible
* Trigeminal (V)
134
# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
Lateral Ptergoid
* (**O**.) **Superior head**: infratemporal surface and crest of greater wing of sphenoid bone
* (**O**.) **Inferior head**: Lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone
* Articular disc and capsule of TMJ, neck of mandible
* **Unilaterally**: laterally deviate the mandible to the opposite side
* **Bilaterally**: Protract the mandible
* Trigeminal (V)
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# *Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation*
What are the boundaries of the **carotid triangle** ?
* **Superiorly**: Posterior belly of digastric and stylohyoid muscle.
* **Infront/Below**: Superior belly of omohyoid.
* **Posteriorly**: Anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
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# Cervical Plexus
* Sensory branches mnemonic: **L**et's **G**o **T**o **S**leep = **?**
* Motor branches mnemonic: **M**.**A**.**P** = **?**
**-** **Sensory Branches** - Mnemonic: Let's Go To Sleep
* **L**esser occipital nerve
* **G**reat auricular nerve
* **T**ransverse cervical nerve
* **S**upraclavicular nerves
**-** **Motor Branches** - Mnemonic: MAP
* **M**uscular branches (to sternocleidomastoid, prevertebral and levator scapulae)
* **A**nsa Cervicalis
* **P**hrenic nerve
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A nerve loop which stems from the cervical plexus and innervates the three out of four infrahyoid neck muscles = **?**
**Ansa cervicalis** (C1-C3) is a nerve loop which stems from the cervical plexus and innervates the three out of four infrahyoid neck muscles.
## Footnote
[Ansa cervicalis](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/ansa-cervicalis-en)
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The posterior triangle of the neck has three borders = **?**
The posterior triangle of the neck has three borders:
* **Anterior** – posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid.
* **Posterior** – anterior border of the trapezius muscle.
* **Inferior** – middle 1/3 of the clavicle.
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# *Regions of the neck*
Submandibular (digastric) Triangle, Submental triangle, Muscular triange, and the Carotid triangle are divisions of = **?**
**Anterior Cervical Region**
* Submandibular (digastric) Triangle
* Submental triangle
* Muscular triange
* Carotid triangle
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# *Regions of the neck*
The SCM, common carotid artery, internal jugular vein, vagus nerve are the contents of which region?
**SCM Region**:
* SCM
* Common carotid artery
* Internal jugular vein
* Vagus nerve
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# *Regions of the neck*
Contents of the posterior triangel = **?**
Lateral Cervical Region (Posterior Triangle):
* Subclavian a.
* Subscapular a.
* Accessory n.
* Trunks of brachial plexus
* Transverse cervical a.
* Cervical plexus (posterior branches)
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# *Regions of the neck*
Vertbral artery is found in which region?
Posterior Cervical Region
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What muscles are innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve (nervus musculocutaneus)?
* Coracobrachalis m.
* Biceps brachii m.
* Brachialis m.
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The damage of which nerve typically results in an inability to extend the elbow due to denervation of the triceps brachii muscle?
Radial n.
## Footnote
kenhub question
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At the upper arm, in between which muscles does the radial nerve (nervus radialis) pass through?
Medial and Lateral heads of triceps brachii m.
## Footnote
kenhub question
