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Anatomy II Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

External Carotid Artery Branches

A 
S: Superior Thyroid
A: Ascending Pharyngeal
L: Lingual
F: Facial 
O: Occipital
P: Posterior auricular
M: Maxillary
S: Superficial temporal
"Sally Ann Likes Flirting on Philadelphia's Main Street"
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2
Q

Carotid Sinus

A
  • regulate BP and pulse (reflex pressoreceptor)

- innervated by glossopharyngeal n.

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3
Q

Suprahyoid muscles

A

Stylohyoid
Digastric
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid

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4
Q

Infrahyoid muscles

A

Omohyoid
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid

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5
Q

Laryngeal nerves

A

recurrent laryngeal
superior laryngeal
vagus nerve

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6
Q

Nerves involved in gustation

A

vagus nerve
facial nerve
glossopharyngeal nerve

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7
Q

Near Response

A

eye convergence
pupil constriction
lens accomodation

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8
Q

Phases of swallowing (deglutition)

A

buccal phase

pharyngeal-esophageal phase

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9
Q

Wharton’s duct

A

Submandibular gland

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10
Q

Stenson’s duct

A

Parotid gland

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11
Q

Gravitational equilibrium

A

vestibule (utricle and saccule)

Otolith (freely moving ear stone that stimulates hair cell)

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12
Q

Otolith

A

freely moving ear stone that stimulates hair cell

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13
Q

Nasal conchae

A

nasal turbinates (folds ensure air contact with mucous membrane)

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14
Q

Bones of middle ear (in order from tympanic membrane to oval window)

A

Malleus, Incus, Stapes

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15
Q

Stereoscopic Vision

A

depth perception (need overlapping visual fields)

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16
Q

Hyperopia

A

farsighted

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17
Q

Myopia

A

nearsighted

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18
Q

Extrinsic eye muscles and their innverations

A

CN III: MR, IO, SR, IR
CN IV: SO
CN VI: LR

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19
Q

Does everyone have middle thyroid artery?

A

some people have it, some dont

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20
Q

What is the superior thyroid artery a branch of

A

external carotid artery

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21
Q

What is the inferior thyroid artery a branch of

A

Thyrocervical trunk

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22
Q

Where would the middle thyroid artery arise from

A

brachiocephalic artery or arch of aorta

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23
Q

What arteries are in the scalp

A 
supratrochlear 
supraorbital
superficial temporal
posterior auricle
occipital
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24
Q

What can you find in the carotid sheath

A

internal carotid artery (most superficial)
internal jugular vein
vagus nerve

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25
what does the brachiocephalic artery give rise to
right common carotid artery | right subclavian artery
26
What arteries make up the Circle of Willis
2 internal carotid arteries | 2 vertebral arteries
27
What does the union of the two vertebral arteries form?
Basilar artery
28
where do Saccular aneurysms ("Berry aneurysm") occur?
anterior communicating artery
29
Where do most brain aneurysms occur?
anterior part of Circle of Willis
30
What does the ophthalmic artery arise from
Internal Carotid artery
31
Whats does the internal jugular vein contribute to?
``` M: middle thyroid vein S: superior thyroid vein L: lingual vein F: facial vein P: pharyngeal vein I: inferior petrosal sinus "Medical schools let fun people in" ```
32
Where does the inferior thyroid vein drain into
brachiocephalic veins
33
Subarachnoid hemorrhage characteristic presentation
"worst headache of my life" | get CT
34
What does a Waters view radiograph show you
sinuses
35
Jefferson's Fracture
C1
36
Hangman's Fracture
C2
37
What is a bilateral facet dislocation at risk for?
spinal cord damage
38
Clay shoveler's fracture
spinous process C6 - T1
39
Atlanto-occipital dislocation
decapitation; complete transection
40
What is a standard chest x ray?
PA film
41
Pulsus Paradoxus
>10mmHg DECREASE in systolic pressure with inspiration
42
Beck's Triad and what disorders present it?
1. Hypotension 2. Distended jugular 3. muffled heart sounds - present with cardiac and pericardial tamponade
43
Coarctation of Aorta
narrowing of part of aorta
44
Patent ductus arteriosus
ductus arteriosus doesn't close after birth
45
transposition of great vessels
pulmonary artery and aorta switch
46
Tetralogy of Fallot
1. narrowing of pulmonary valve 2. thickening of right ventricular wall 3. aorta displacement over septal defect 4. ventricular septal defect
47
Scotopic System
night vision
48
Which nerves are responsible for the signals from peripheral chemoreceptors to the medulla to regulate respiration?
Glossopharyngeal n. (from carotid) | Vagus n. (from aorta)
49
What center in the brain stem increases speed of respiration?
Apneustic center of the pons
50
What does the pneumotaxic center of the pons do?
decreases speed of respiration
51
What does the ventral respiratory group of the medulla do?
expiration/exhalation
52
What do septal cells of alveoli do and what are they?
Type II alveoli cells; secrete surfactant
53
what does surfactant do?
reduce fluid surface tension and maintains alveoli elasticity
54
What nerve is anterior to the lung root?
Phrenic n.
55
What nerve is posterior to the lung root?
Vagus n.
56
Which lung has 3 lobes?
Right lung
57
What is are the pulmonary and bronchial vessel responses to HYPOXIA?
Pulmonary vessels constrict | Bronchial vessels dilate
58
For an adequate chest x-ray, which rib should the clavicle be over
3rd rib
59
What are the layers of the heart
epicardium myocardium endocardium
60
Which AV valve is tricuspid?
right AV valve
61
Which valve closing makes the S1 sound?
AV valve
62
What are the branches of the left main coronary artery?
left anterior descending artery | circumflex artery
63
What are the branches of the right coronary artery?
marginal artery posterior interventricular artery AV node artery 60% with SA node artery
64
What are the branches of the visceral branch of the thoracic portion of the aorta?
pericardial bronchial esophageal mediastinal
65
What are the branches of the parietal branch of the thoracic portion of the aorta?
``` poster intercostal subcostal superior phrenic (diaphragm) ```
66
What is the Mammary Artery where does it branch from?
Internal Thoracic Artery | branches from Subclavian Artery
67
What circulatory system is responsible for the veinous drainage of the throax?
Azygos System
68
Where does the Azygos vein of thorax drain from?
Right Ascending Lumbar vein
69
What cells are have funny channels and what ion do they channel?
Pacemaker cells | Na+ in
70
What cells are have fast sodium channels?
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
71
What happens at the plateau phase of action potentials in contractile cells of the heart?
Ca++ triggers calcium induced Ca++ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum --> AP

Anatomy (4 decks)

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