Anatomy Intro

Question 1

Aneurysm

Answer 1

Bulging of vessel due to breakdown of elastic layer–may lead to hemorrhage

Question 2

Anastomosis

Answer 2

Communication of blood vessels–results in Collateral circulation

Question 3

Deep vein Thrombosis

Answer 3

blood clot that forms in a vein deep in the body. Blood clots occur when blood thickens and clumps together

Question 4

3 important functions of lymphatic system

Answer 4

1. Transport interstitial fluid back to circulatory system
2. Resist diseases–filtration
3. Absorb digested fats

Question 5

1. Right lymphatic duct drains

2. Tharacic duct

Answer 5

1. R. head, neck, thorax, and upper extremity

2. everything else

Question 6

Capillary types

Answer 6

1. Continuous capillaries: uninterrupted lining
2. Fenestrated capillaries: intestine, kidneys–active absorption or filtration
3. Sinusoids: Liver, bone marrow–irregular shapes, large diameter

Question 7

anastomosis allows for?

Answer 7

Collateral circulation

Question 8

Right Lymphatic Duct (largest lymphatic vessels) drains?

Answer 8

Right side of head, neck, thorax, upper extremity–drains at junction of right internal jugular vein and right brachiocephalic vein

Question 9

Thoracic Duct drains?

Answer 9

Rest of body–drains at junction of L internal jugular vein and L brachiocephalic vein

Question 10

No lymphatic capillaries in…?

Answer 10

CNS, bone marrow, teeth

Question 11

Lymphatic collecting vessels?

Answer 11

thin-walled, have valves

Question 12

Right Ventricle –> Left atrium

Answer 12

Pulmonary trunk –> pulmonary artery –> Lungs – > L atrium

Question 13

Blood to Right hand from heart?

Answer 13

Aorta –> R brachicephalic Trunk –> subclavian (after Common carotid) –> Axillary a. (after clavicle) –> Brachial a. (after teres major muscle) –> Radial & Ulnar a.’s (after elbow)

Question 14

3 veins with different names than arteries?

Answer 14

Renal veins (R and L), Vena Cava, Common illiac V.

Question 15

3 unpaired arteries of GI tract?

Answer 15

celiac trunk (first main a. after diaphram), superior mesenteric a. (second main branch from abdominal aorta–at same level as L and R renal a.), inferior mesenteric a.

Question 16

Abdominal aorta –> foot

Answer 16

abdominal aorta –> common iliac a. –> external iliac (at junction btwn external and internal iliac) –> Femoral a. (after inguinal ligament at anterior superior iliac crest –> popliteal a. (at posterior knee) –> anterior tibial a. –> Dorsalis pedis a

Question 17

ECM Fibers

Answer 17

1. Collagen–bundles–flex no stretch
2. Elasstic–solitary–stretch–network
3. Reticular-fine

Question 18

Connective tissue cells?

Answer 18

immature: blasts –make ground substance
mature: cytes–maintain health of ground substance

Question 19

Undifferentiated CT cell

Answer 19

Mesenchyme–star shaped

Question 20

Connective tissue proper

Answer 20

Loose

Dense

Question 21

Loose connective tissue

Answer 21

1. Areolar–all fiber types–under epithelium–cushion organs–salt reservoir–allows movement.
2. Adipose–highly vascular–collagen & reticular
3. Reticular–reticular fibers–fibroblasts–support blood cells–immune–lymph organs, bone marrow, spleen

Question 22

Dense CT

Answer 22

1. Dense regular–collagen same direction

2. Dense irregular–collagen various directions

Question 23

Dense Regular CT

Answer 23

poorly vascularized–tendons, ligaments, aponeurosis–nonelastic

Question 24

Dense Irregular CT

Answer 24

High vascularity–dermis, fascia, joint capsule–withstand multidirectional tension

Question 25

Cartilage characteristics

Answer 25

like dense CT/ bone--avascular & non-inervated-- collagen & elastin--hyalonic acid

Question 26

Cartilage types

Answer 26

1. Hyaline 2. Elastic 3. Fibrocartilage

Question 27

Perichondrium

Answer 27

dense irregular--doesn't cover articulations--

Question 28

space for chondrocytes

Answer 28

lacunae

Question 29

Most common cartilage

Answer 29

Hyaline--collagen fibers--reinforce, cushion--growth of long bones--septum, epyphaseal plate, trachea, rib ends,

Question 30

Makes up external ear and epiglottis

Answer 30

Elastic cartilage--collagen and elastic fibers--more flex than hyaline

Question 31

cartilage making up intervertebral discs, TMJ, meniscus of knee

Answer 31

Fibrocartilage--transition btwn hyaline and elastic cartilage--course collagen fibers--few chondrocytes

Question 32

bone makeup?

Answer 32

dynamic tissue w/ much vascularization--inorganic minerals--

Question 33

organic matrix of bone?

Answer 33

collagen fibers--glycoproteins--proteoglycans

Question 34

structural unit of bone?

Answer 34

osteon

Question 35

central canal of bone?

Answer 35

blood vessels and nerves

Question 36

lamellae

Answer 36

concentric layers of bone matrix--collagen fibers

Question 37

function of bone

Answer 37

support, attachment, hematopoiesis, fat storage, mineral storage

Question 38

periostium/perichondrium

Answer 38

Dense irregular CT--ligamentous attachment

Question 39

Fibers in blood

Answer 39

soluable proteins only visible during clotting

Question 40

tunica media

Answer 40

endothelial layer--single layer of simple squamous

Question 41

tunica adventitia

Answer 41

aka externa--collagen fibers and CT protect and anchor

Question 42

Artery types

Answer 42

Elastic--big arteries near heart Muscular--thick tunica media--most named arteries small arteries/arterioles--empty into capilaries

Question 43

smallest blood vessels?

Answer 43

capillaries--only tunica intima--nutrient exchange

Question 44

most common capillaries?

Answer 44

continuous capillaries--no fenestrations--skin

Question 45

capillaries in intestines and kidneys

Answer 45

fenestrated capillaries--for active absorption or filtration

Question 46

leaky capillaries-- found in liver and bone marrow

Answer 46

sinusoid capillaires--large lumen

Question 47

veins with valves that accompany arteries

Answer 47

medium veins