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Anatomy > ANATOMY LE1 Reviewer > Flashcards

ANATOMY LE1 Reviewer Flashcards

1
Q

T or F: The muscles of facial expression commonly has dermal insertions and bony origins

A

True

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2
Q

T or F: ANATOMICAL POSITIONS: The palms are facing back

A

False. They face forward.

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3
Q

T or F: ANS: Functionally, the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions are antagonistic.

A

True. They are agonists, synergists and they also may work independently.

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4
Q

A 30-year old woman underwent elective thyroid surgery and was noted to have hoarseness post-operatively.

T or F: Injury to the external laryngeal nerve during the thyroid surgery may result in a higher pitch of voice.

A

False. It will result in a lower pitched voice.

Snell 9th Ed: “Superior laryngeal nerve divides into the internal and external laryngeal nerves. The internal laryngeal nerve is sensory to the mucous membrane of the piriform fossa and the larynx down as far as the vocal cords. The external laryngeal nerve is motor and is located close to the superior thyroid artery; it supplies the cricothyroid muscle.”

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5
Q

Which facial muscle helps with smiling?

A

Zygomaticus Major

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6
Q

T or F: NEUROVASCULAR SUPPLY OF THE FACE: The facial artery originated from the external carotid artery

A

True. It is a branch of the external carotid artery that supplies the anatomic structures of the superficial face.

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7
Q

A 16-year old female started to develop umbilical pain which later radiates to the lower area of the abdomen. What dermatomal level is responsible to the umbilical pain?

A

T10

Snell 9th Ed:

  • Xiphoid process: T7
  • Umbilicus: T10
  • Pubis: L1
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8
Q

T or F: A 25-year old male was brought to the ER with a stab wound located anterior to the sternocleidomastoid at the level of the superior border of the thyroid cartilage. Statement regarding the vascular structures that may have been injured in this case: The common carotid artery supplies the viscera found in the anterior neck.

A

False. The ​common carotid arteries​ itself ​do not supply blood to the body,​ but its branches supply the head and neck regions from the external and internal carotid arteries.

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9
Q

The carpometacarpal joint of the thumb is an example of which type of joint?

A

Saddle

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10
Q

T or F: A 25-year-old male was brought to the emergency room with a stab wound located anterior to the sternocleidomastoid at the level of the superior border of the thyroid cartilage. Statement regarding the vascular structures that may have been injured in this case: The right common carotid artery commences behind the right sternoclavicular joint.

A

True. The ​right common carotid artery​ arises from the brachiocephalic artery ​behind the right sternoclavicular joint.

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11
Q

The term that is exclusively used for veins

A

Tributaries

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12
Q

A stab wound in the neck that reached the carotid sheath will most likely injure all of the following EXCEPT:

A. Internal carotid arteries
B. External carotid artery
C. Internal jugular vein
D. Vagus nerve

A

B. External carotid artery

Snell 9th Ed: “The ​carotid sheath​ is a local condensation of the prevertebral, the pretracheal, and the investing layers of the deep fascia that surround the ​common and internal carotid arteries, the internal jugular vein, the vagus nerve, and the deep cervical lymph nodes​.”

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13
Q

T or F: ANATOMICAL POSITION: The toes are pointing anteriorly.

A

True. Toes are pointing forward.

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14
Q

T or F: DIRECTIONAL TERMS: The parasagittal plane divides the body into equal left and right halves.

A

False. ​A parasagittal cut is NOT through the midline but parallel to the midsagittal plane (​UNEQUAL cut​)

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15
Q

T or F: SCALP: Bacteria from an infected sebaceous cyst may spread intracranially.

A

True.

Snell 9th Ed: “A ​sebaceous cyst​ is caused by obstruction of the mouth of a sebaceous duct and may be caused by damage from a comb or by infection. It occurs most frequently on the scalp.”

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16
Q

T or F: AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM: The 1st order neuron of the sympathetic nervous system is the lateral horn of the spinal cords.

A

True.

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17
Q

T or F: ANATOMICAL POSITION: The arms are in front.

A

False. Arms are at the sides.

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18
Q

Which of the following is drained by the right lymphatic duct?

A. Right upper extremities
B: Left upper extremities
C: Right lower extremities
D: Left lower extremities

A

A. Right upper extremities

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19
Q

Which of these vascular structures pass through the foramen spinosum?

A. Anterior and posterior spinal arteries
B. Mandibular nerve
C. Lesser superficial petrosal nerve
D. Middle Meningeal Artery

A

D. Middle Meningeal Artery

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20
Q

The facial bones are classified under which type of bones?

A

Irregular

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21
Q

What forms the retromandibular vein?

A

Superficial temporal vein and maxillary vein

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22
Q

T or F: Invasive tumors of the parotid gland may result in facial paralysis of the affected side

A

True.

Snell 9th. Ed: “The ​parotid salivary gland​ consists essentially of superficial and deep parts, and the important facial nerve lies in the inter- val between these parts. A benign parotid neoplasm rarely, if ever, causes facial palsy. ​A malignant tumor of the parotid is usually highly invasive and quickly involves the facial nerve, causing unilateral facial paralysis​.”

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23
Q

T or F: AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM: It is an involuntary sensory control of the smooth & cardiac muscles including glands.

A

False. Motor control.

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24
Q

Which cranial fossa might be injured in patients presenting with anosmia?

A

Anterior

Snell 9th Ed: “The olfactory nerve can be tested by applying substances with different odors to each nostril in turn. It should be remembered that food flavors depend on the sense of smell and not on the sense of taste. Fractures of the ​anterior cranial fossa​ or cerebral tumors of the frontal lobes may produce lesions of the olfactory nerves, with consequent​ loss of the sense of smell (a​nosmia)​.”

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25
Q

T or F: A 30-year-old female underwent elective thyroid surgery and was noted to have hoarseness post-operatively. The thyroid gland is supplied by two arteries and drained by three veins.

A

False.

Snell 9th Ed: “The arteries to the thyroid gland are the ​superior thyroid artery, the inferior thyroid artery, and sometimes the thyroidea ima.​ The arteries anastomose profusely with one another over the surface of the gland.”

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26
Q

T or F: AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM: The blood vessels and sweat glands are innervated by both divisions of the autonomic nervous system

A

False. The sympathetic NS supplies the visceral structures in the superficial
regions of the body: ​sweat gland​, arrector pili, muscles of the skin, smooth musculature of walls of all arteries and veins

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27
Q

Which infrahyoid muscle is innervated by the 1st cervical nerve?

A

Thyrohyoid

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28
Q

T or F: DIRECTIONAL TERMS: The little finger is laterally located while the thumb is medial

A

False. The little finger is medial to the thumb

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29
Q

What is a tributary of the retromandibular vein?

A

Superficial temporal, maxillary, Posterior auricular

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30
Q

T or F: A 30-year-old female underwent elective thyroid surgery and was noted to have hoarseness post-operatively. Autonomic innervation of the thyroid gland is from the cervical sympathetic ganglia.

A

True. The nerve supply of the thyroid gland include the Superior, middle, and inferior ​cervical sympathetic ganglia

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31
Q

T or F: NEUROVASCULAR SUPPLY OF THE FACE: The deepest neurovascular structure in the parotid gland is the facial nerve.

A

False. It is the external carotid artery and its 3 branches (posterior
auricular, maxillary, and superficial temporal)

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32
Q

T or F: SCALP: Lacerations involving the galea aponeurotica will result in gaping wounds.

A

True

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33
Q

What component fiber does the olfactory nerve carry?

A

Special visceral afferents (SVA)

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34
Q

The sternocleidomastoid muscle forms the posterior border of which triangle of the neck?

A

Carotid

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35
Q

T or F: DIRECTIONAL TERMS: The coronal plane divides the body into an anterior and posterior parts.

A

True

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36
Q

What is the commencement of the Internal Jugular Vein?

A

Jugular foramen

37
Q

T or F: A 25-year-old male was brought to the emergency room with a stab wound located anterior to the sternocleidomastoid at the level of the superior border of the thyroid cartilage. Statement regarding the vascular structures that may have been injured in this case: The external carotid artery commences at the level of the superior border of the thyroid cartilage.

A

True

38
Q

T or F: ANATOMICAL POSITION: The thumbs are medially located.

A

False. They are laterally located.

39
Q

T or F: The secreto-motor innervation of the submandibular gland is from the facial nerve

A

True

40
Q

T or F: DIRECTIONAL TERMS: The nose is located infero-medial to the eye.

A

True

41
Q

T or F: SCALP: Bleeding from a laceration in the forehead probably resulted from an injury to a branch of the ophthalmic artery.

A

True

42
Q

T or F: the temporalis muscle depresses the mandible

A

False. It elevates the muscle

43
Q

Which of the following preganglionic sympathetic fibers innervate the gastrointestinal tract?

A

Last 8 Thoracic ganglia

44
Q

T or F: SCALP: The origin of the nerve supplying the anterior part of the scalp is from the divisions of the trigeminal nerve

A

True

45
Q

T or F: After elective thyroid surgery, the recurrent laryngeal nerve may be inadvertently damaged as it crosses the superior thyroid artery.

A

False

46
Q

Movement of a limb away from midline in a coronal plane is?

A

Abduction

47
Q

Pulsatile bleeding from a stab wound to the anterior portion of the sternocleidomastoid at the level of the superior border of the thyroid cartilage was probably due to an injured inferior thyroid artery

A

False. It is most likely that pulsating bleeding from the stab wound in this case was due to an injured common carotid artery (or the internal and external carotid arteries).

48
Q

T or F: NEUROVASCULAR SUPPLY OF THE FACE: Injury to the facial nerve may result in inability to open the eyes.

A

False. It is the occulomotor nerve that is responsible for opening the eyes.

49
Q

T or F: Regarding the common carotid artery and its branches, the right common carotid artery commences behind the right sternoclavicular joint

A

True

50
Q

T or F: Regarding the common carotid artery and its branches, the common carotid arteries has different origins

A

True

51
Q

T or F: Regarding the common carotid artery and its branches, the internal carotid artery gives off several branches in the neck

A

False

52
Q

T or F: Regarding the common carotid artery and its branches, the pulsation of the bifurcation of the common carotid can best be
felt at the inferior border of the thyroid cartilage

A

False

53
Q

T or F: Regarding the spinal nerves, it is composed of several grouped fascicles of axon, covered by perineurium

A

False

54
Q

T or F: Regarding the spinal nerves, it gives rise to thoracic splanchnic postganglionic fibers

A

False

55
Q

T or F: Regarding the spinal nerves, it is formed at the intervertebral foramen

A

True

56
Q

T or F: Regarding the spinal nerves, its bigger branch supplies the anterolateral part of the body

A

True

57
Q

T or F: Regarding the skull bones, fracture of the middle cranial fossa may result in anosmia

A

False

58
Q

T or F: Regarding the skull bones, the anterior fontanelle is palpated between the parietal bones
and the frontal bone

A

True

59
Q

T or F: Regarding the skull bones, the prominence of the cheeks is formed in part by the zygomatic bone

A

True

60
Q

T or F: Regarding the skull bones, trauma to the pterior may result in intracranial hemorrhage from middle meningeal artery laceration

A

True

61
Q

T or F: Regarding the face, the deep fascia forms a sheath around the muscles of facial expression

A

False

62
Q

T or F: Regarding the face, the facial nerve provides cutaneous sensory innervation to parts of the face

A

True

63
Q

T or F: Regarding the face, the masseter inserts into the coronoid process of the mandible

A

True

64
Q

T or F: Regarding the face, an infected pimple on the middle of the lower lip will drain into
the submental nodes

A

True

65
Q

Bacterial infection at the tip of the nose can reach the cavernous sinus viai which of the following veins?

a. Supraorbital
b. Superior ophthalmic
c. Supratrochlear
d. Facial

A

b. Superior ophthalmic

66
Q

The most superficial structure that can be injured in lacerations of the parotid gland is the:

a. Facial artery
b. Terminal branches of the facial nerve
c. Retromandibular vein
d. External carotid artery

A

b. Terminal branches of the facial nerve

67
Q

Which structure separates the anterior from middle cranial fossa?

a. Falx cerebri
b. Tentorium cerebelli
c. Lesser wing of sphenoid
d. Petrous portion of temporal bone

A

c. Lesser wing of sphenoid

68
Q

What could explain severe blood loss even in the small scalp lacerations?

a. The skin has many sebaceous glands
b. The subcutaneous layer has fibrous septae attached to
vessels
c. The aponeurosis tenses with contraction of the
occipitofrontalis muscle
d. The periosteum is continuous between the outer and inner
surfaces of the skull

A

b. The subcutaneous layer has fibrous septae attached to

vessels

69
Q

Transection of the trigeminal nerve will result in loss of sensation over which of the following area?

a. Skin over the parotid
b. Posterior part of the scalp
c. Lateral part of the occipital region
d. Tip of the nose

A

d. Tip of the nose

70
Q

Injury to the ansa cervicalis will result in the paralysis of all of the following except?

a. Omohyoid
b. Sternothyroid
c. Thyrohyoid
d. Sternohyoid

A

c. Thyrohyoid

71
Q

The thoracic duct drains the right and left sides of the:

a. Face
b. Upper extremity
c. Thorax
d. Abdomen

A

d. Abdomen

72
Q

Which statement is true regarding the muscles?

a. When the muscle contracts, the origin is pulled towards the insertion
b. The sternocleidomastoid muscle is named according to its location
c. The origin can become tendinous or aponeurotic before it attaches to the bone
d. Circular muscles are sphincters that close openings

A

d. Circular muscles are sphincters that close openings

73
Q

Which of the following is an example of a short bone?

a. Nasal bone
b. Vertebra
c. Carpal
d. Phalanx

A

d. Phalanx

74
Q

Which of the following preganglionic fibers synapse with prevertebral/preaortic ganglia?

a. Cervical
b. Greater
c. Sacral
d. Pelvic

A

b. Greater

75
Q

Which of the following is true of the anatomical position?

a. The arms are pronated
b. The palms are facing anteriorly
c. The thumb is adducted
d. The foot is dorsiflexed

A

b. The palms are facing anteriorly

76
Q

Which joint motion implies movement towards the midline?

a. Circumduction
b. Adduction
c. Pronation
d. Supination

A

b. Adduction

77
Q

A term used to describe movements involving the foot

a. Circumduction
b. Supination
c. Plantarflexion
d. Rotation

A

c. Plantarflexion

78
Q

Which type of joint is the knee?

a. Pivot
b. Hinge
c. Saddle
d. Condyloid

A

b. Hinge

79
Q

Which division of the nervous system regulates the functions of the GI tract?

a. Somatic
b. Visceral
c. Autonomic
d. Enteric

A

d. Enteric

80
Q

Which of the following states the cynical importance of dermatomes?

a. It allows us to identify which cranial nerve transmits sensory information from the skin
b. It will help in assessing which spinal nerve, root, or cord segment is damaged
c. In the trunk, its distribution is less horizontal and uniformed
d. It transmits sensory and motor information to the skin

A

b. It will help in assessing which spinal nerve, root, or cord segment is damaged

81
Q

Which of the following cranial nerves has a visceral motor function?

a. V
b. VI
c. VII
d. VIII

A

c. VII

82
Q

Which statement characterizes the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

a. The 1st order neuron is at the lateral horn of the spinal cord
b. It has long preganglionic and short postganglionic fibers
c. Its neurotransmitters include both norepinephrine and
acetylcholine
d. Its ganglia are located at the sides of the vertebral column

A

b. It has long preganglionic and short postganglionic fibers

83
Q

Which statement is true regarding the scalp’s venous drainage?

a. The retromandibular vein is formed within the parotid
b. The posterior division of the retromandibular vein is a tributary
of the internal jugular vein
c. The supraorbital vein forms the retromandibular vein
d. The occipital vein drains into the external jugular vein

A

a. The retromandibular vein is formed within the parotid

84
Q

Which statement characterizes the parotid gland?

a. Its secretomotor innervation is from glossopharyngeal nerve
b. It is divided into superior and deep lope by the branches of the
5th cranial nerve
c. It is enclosed in a deep fibrous capsule derived from the
pretracheal fascia
d. Its duct passes forward over the lateral surface of the
buccinator muscle

A

a. Its secretomotor innervation is from glossopharyngeal nerve

85
Q

Which of the following is true regarding the facial artery?

a. Its origin is the external carotid artery
b. Its pulsation can be felt at the posterior border of the masseter
c. It runs superficial to the submandibular gland before it enters the face
d. It runs upward in a tortuous course toward the lateral angle of the eye

A

a. Its origin is the external carotid artery

86
Q

Which statement is true regarding the muscles of the facial expression?

a. It function as dilators and constrictors of the orifices of the face
b. The orbicularis oculi opens the eye when one is surprised
c. They have bony insertions
d. It is supplied by the branches of the trigeminal nerve

A

a. It function as dilators and constrictors of the orifices of the face

87
Q

Which is true of the cervical fascia?

a. Transection of the carotid sheath may result in bleeding from the external carotid artery
b. The pretracheal layer forms the basis for the thyroid gland moving up with swallowing
c. The extensions of the prevertebral layer limits the swelling of the parotid gland in mumps or parotitis
d. The deep cervical nodes are palpated along the investing layer

A

b. The pretracheal layer forms the basis for the thyroid gland moving up with swallowing

88
Q

The parathyroid glands are located in which triangle of the neck?

a. Carotid
b. Muscular
c. Occipital
d. Subclavian

A

b. Muscular

89
Q

Which nerve may be injured when ligating the inferior thyroid artery during thyroidectomy procedure?

a. External laryngeal nerve
b. Internal laryngeal nerve
c. Recurrent laryngeal nerve
d. Hypoglossal nerve

A

c. Recurrent laryngeal nerve

Anatomy (9 decks)

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