Anatomy Lec 3 (Skeletal Axial) Flashcards
(61 cards)
1
Q
two divisions of the skeleton
A
- axial 2. appendicular skeleton
2
Q
of bones in axial skeleton
A
80
3
Q
of bones in appendicular skeleton
A
126
4
Q
3 parts of axial skeleton
A
- cranium 2. vertebral column 3. bony thorax
5
Q
Not included in axial (common misconception)
A
scapula, clavical
6
Q
2 functions of the cranium
A
- encloses and protects the brain 2. provides attachment for head and neck muscles
7
Q
5 functions of the face
A
- form framework 2. cavities for sensory organs 3. passage of air/food 4. teeth 5. anchor muscles of face
8
Q
3 cranial fossae
A
- posterior 2. middle 3. anterior
9
Q
2 divisions of cranium
A
vault and base
10
Q
divides skull into distinct fossae
A
prominent bony ridges
11
Q
3 sections of sphenoid
A
- zygomatic arch 2. lesser wing 3. greater wing
12
Q
2 sections of superior ethmoid bone
A
- crista galli 2. cribiform plate
13
Q
4 smaller cavities of the skull
A
- middle/inner ear 2. nasal cavity 3. orbits 4. air filled sinuses
14
Q
how many openings in the skull
A
85
15
Q
3 openings for important stuctures
A
spinal cord, blood vessels (for brain), 12 pairs of Cranial Nerves
16
Q
of large bones in cranium
A
8
17
Q
2 sets of paired cranial bones
A
- temporal 2. parietal
18
Q
4 unpaired cranial bones
A
- frontal 2. occipital 3 sphenoid 4. ethmoid
19
Q
Location of parietal bones
A
superior and latereral
20
Q
4 Major sutures of the cranium
A
- cornoal 2. squamous 3. sagittal 4. lambdoid
21
Q
2 bones making up coronal suture
A
parietal and frontal
22
Q
2 bones that make up squamous suture
A
parietal and temporal
23
Q
2 bones forming sagittal suture
A
left and right parietal bones meet superiorly
24
Q
2 bones forming lambdoid suture
A
parietal and occipital
25
3 major structures of frontal bone
1. supraorbital margin 2. glabella 3. frontal sinuses
26
Forms the posterior cranial fossa
occipital bone
27
5 structures of occipital bone
1. occipital condyles 2. hypoglossal foramen 3. external occipital protuberance 4. superior nucah lines 5. inferior nuchal lines
28
Mastoid Process function
1. sitre for neck muscle attachment 2. contains air sinuses
29
Petrous region
1. projects medially, contributes to cranial base 2. houses cavities of middle/inter ear
30
4 foramina of the temporal bone
1. jugular foramen 2. carotid canal 3. formane lacerum 4. internal acoustic meatus
31
Sphenoid bone functions
1. spans width of cranial floor 2. resembles bat 3. 5 important openings 4. keystone of the cranium 5. body and thre pairs of processes
32
3 Sphenoid bone foramen
1. rotundum 2. ovale 3. sphinsum
33
Location of ethmoid bone
1. between nasal and sphenoid bones 2. forms most of the medial bony region between the nasal cavity and orbits
34
3 major internal ethmoid structures
1. cribiform plate (olfactory foramina) 2. crista galli 3. perpendicular plate
35
Cribiform plate
superior surface of the ethmoid bone
36
Crista galli
attachment for falx cerebri
37
Perpendicular plate
forms superior part of nasal septum
38
Lateral masses of ethmoid bone
contain air cells
39
superior and middle nasal conchae (ethmoid bone)
extend medially from lateral masses
40
2 unpaired facial bones
1. mandible 2. vomer
41
6 paired facial bones
1. maxillae 2. zygomatic 3. nasal 4. lacrimal 5. palatine 6. inferior nasal conchae
42
3 anterior features of ethmoid
1. lacrimal 2. middle nasal concha 3. perpendicular plate
43
2 components of mandible
1. horizontal body 2. upright rami
44
4 maxillary bone features
1. articulate with all other facial bones 2. contain maxillary sinuses (largest) 3. forms part of inferior orbital fissure 4. "Keyston" bones of the face
45
4 locations of air filled sinuses
1. frontal bone 2. ethmoid bone 3. sphenoid bone 4. maxillary bones
46
Functions of paranasal sinuses
1. lined with mucous membrane 2. lighten skull
47
3 functions of hyoid bone
1. inferior to mandible 2. only bone with no bone articulation 3. acts as movable base for tongue
48
4 functions of thoracic cage
1. framework of chest 2. protects organs 3. supports shoulder girdle & upper limbs 5. provides attachment sites for muscles
49
True ribs
1 - 7
50
False ribs
8 - 12
51
Floating Ribs
11 - 12
52
3 sections of sternum
1. manubrium 2. body 3. xiphoid process
53
2 Disorders of the axial skeleton
1. cleft palate 2. stenosis of lumbar spine
54
Cleft palate
1. congenital disorder 2. right and left halves of palate fail to fuse medially
55
Stenosis
1. narrowing of vertebral canal 2. compressed roots of spinal nerves
56
3 abnormal spinal curvatures
1. scoliosis 2. kyphosis 3. lordosis
57
Scoliosis
abnormal lateral curvature
58
kyphosis
exaggerated thoracic curvature
59
lordosis
accentuated lumbar curvature ; swayback"
60
Axial skeleton development
1. membrane bones ossify in second month development 2. bone tissue grows outward from ossification center 3. frontanels
61
frontanels
unossified remnants of membranes
