AP - Lec 2 (Hazards)

Question 1

What are the 3 routes of bloodborne infections?

Answer 1

1. percutaneous contact 2. mucosal contact 3. non intact skin exposure

Question 2

Infectious fluids include (8):

Answer 2

blood, spinal fluid, amniotic, pleural, pericardial, peritoneal, synovial, inflammatory exudates.

Question 3

What is the most important action of prevention of spreading infection?

Answer 3

hand washing.

Question 4

Minimal time to soap up hands?

Answer 4

15 seconds.

Question 5

What’s the main personal protection device to handle blood or bodily fluids?

Answer 5

goves

Question 6

Which Personal protection devices are used if spraying or splashing of fluids is anticipated?

Answer 6

1. mask 2. eye protection 3. gowns

Question 7

What are indications for the use of enhanced contact precautions?

Answer 7

MRSA, VRE, cdiff (clostridium difficle)

Question 8

What are the enhanced contact precautions?

Answer 8

same as regular contact precautions but more obsessive.

Question 9

Regarding droplet precautions, we should wear a mask within 3 feet of patients with

Answer 9

1. mumps 2. germn measles 3. step 4. meningococcal

Question 10

Another name for mumps?

Answer 10

infective parotitis

Question 11

Another name for german measles?

Answer 11

rubella

Question 12

another name for streptococcus

Answer 12

group a-pneumonia

Question 13

another name for meningococcal

Answer 13

meningitis

Question 14

What color is the sharps container?

Answer 14

red

Question 15

What color is the reusable sterile gown container?

Answer 15

green

Question 16

Which disease warrants the use of the NIOSH-95 mask?

Answer 16

TB

Question 17

Which 3 diseases should we avoid unless immune?

Answer 17

1. chickenpox 2. disseminated vericella zoster 3. measles

Question 18

How often is TB testing?

Answer 18

Yearly.

Question 19

T/F: Treat all patients as if they have a communicable blood and bodily fluid infection.

Answer 19

True.

Question 20

What happens if you get a needle stick?

Answer 20

Follow the needle stick protocol of the clinical site you’re at. Not necessarily the emory protocol.

Question 21

Cleaning:

Answer 21

removal of foreign material

Question 22

Antiseptic:

Answer 22

chemical germicide for use of living tissue

Question 23

Disinfectant:

Answer 23

chemical germicide for use of non living items

Question 24

Sterile

Answer 24

completely free of all microorganisms

Question 25

Sterilization

Answer 25

process that creates survival rate of < 1:1,000,000

Question 26

Disinfection level: High

Answer 26

kills fungi, viruses, and vegetative bacteria (except endospores)

Question 27

Disinfection level: intermediate

Answer 27

kills fungi, non small or nonlipid viruses, and bacteria (except endospores)

Question 28

Disinfection level: Low

Answer 28

kills fungi, some viruses (lipid/medium sized) and bacteria (except TB, endospores)

Question 29

Is most anesthesia equipment single use or reusable?

Answer 29

single use

Question 30

Reusable equipment that touches patient:

Answer 30

1. OR table 2. arm boards 3. bp cuff 4. ECG cable/leads 5. pulse oximeter 6. probe and cable 7 stethoscope.

Question 31

Reusable equipment requires at least what level disinfection?

Answer 31

low

Question 32

Which equipment requires sterility?

Answer 32

any item that will enter or contact any body area that is sterile

Question 33

Items coming into contact with mucous membranes but do not penetrate body surface must undergo ____ level disinfection

Answer 33

high

Question 34

Simple cleaning:

Answer 34

soap and water

Question 35

antiseptic cleaning:

Answer 35

substance that has antimicrobial activity and safely applied to living tissue (alcohol, iodine).

Question 36

Chlorine cleaning products

Answer 36

most widely used disinfectant. Used on tables, floors, surfaces, and equipment

Question 37

Hydrogen Peroxide

Answer 37

effective surface clearning and safe for rubber and plastic

Question 38

4 Types of Sterilization process

Answer 38

1. steam 2. chemical 3. radiation 4 plasma

Question 39

2 types of chemical sterilization process

Answer 39

1. gas 2. liquid

Question 40

Autoclaving?

Answer 40

the use of high pressured steam to sterilize instruments.

Question 41

T/F autoclaving is expensive and should be avoided to reduce costs

Answer 41

False, it's cheap, effective and leaves no residues.

Question 42

Autoclaving is a combination of which two effective methods

Answer 42

high pressure and high temperature

Question 43

Typical equipment used in autoclaving?

Answer 43

metal instruments, laryngoscope blades.

Question 44

With preservative free medications we need to use 3 precautions:

Answer 44

1. check label 2. use alcohol swab on rubber septum 3. discard vial/ampule or syringe after use

Question 45

Syringe use

Answer 45

Common sense: dispose of used. Store unused in a clean area.

Question 46

Medications should be discarded ___ hours from being drawn up

Answer 46

24

Question 47

Propofol has a shelf life of __ hours

Answer 47

6

Question 48

New formula of Propofol has a shelf life of

Answer 48

12 hours

Question 49

Multidose vials:

Answer 49

Use antiseptic. Throw away at expiration date.

Question 50

What % of healthcare workers have a rxn to latex?

Answer 50

70

Question 51

Latex sensitive anesthesia

Answer 51

13-16%

Question 52

SPINA BIFIDA and latex

Answer 52

"split spine".. 73% develop latex allergy due to multiple GU sergeries.

Question 53

High risk groups for latex allergies (5)

Answer 53

Healthcare workers, multiple surgery procedures, occupational exposure (hairdressers), history of hay fever, rhinitis, asthma, eczma, food allergies.

Question 54

What to do if known latex allergy?

Answer 54

Notify OR techs of a latex allergy.

Question 55

Examples of latex equipment in anesthesia?

Answer 55

gloves, masks, circuits and bag, ventilator bellows, single stick multidose vials, latex iv injection ports, penrose type tourniquets, blood pressure cuffs, syringe plungers.

Question 56

What are some betadine allergy considerations?

Answer 56

Betadine skin solution (alternatives available), contrast dye, shellfish.

Question 57

Which vein carries a lower risk of intravascular catheter related infections?

Answer 57

subclavian

Question 58

Which catheter selection is best to reduce infection? single or double lumen

Answer 58

single

Question 59

What are some notable airborne guidelines (there's like 12)

Answer 59

Place sign outside room. Use n95 mask. Pt in Airborne Isolation Room (AIIR). Postpone surgery if possible. Schedule surgery at later time to avoid infecting other patients and staff.

Question 60

Is the OR positive or negative pressure?

Answer 60

Positive.

Question 61

What are two major contact precautions?

Answer 61

1. Gown and glove upon entering a room. 2. remove gloves and gown before exiting room. Care must be used to avoid self-contamination when removing PPE.

Question 62

What are major droplet precautions?

Answer 62

separate patients. one patient per room optimal. Sign outside room for warning. HCW should wear proper PPE. PT should wear mask when transported.