Anatomy Lecture 2 - Overview of the upper limb

Question 1

What are the names of the compartments of the arm?

Answer 1

Anterior

Posterior

Question 2

What are the names of the compartments of the forearm?

Answer 2

Anterior
Posterior
Lateral (some texts include this in the posterior compartment)

Question 3

Arterial supply of anterior compartment of arm?

Answer 3

Brachial

Question 4

Arterial supply posterior compartment arm?

Answer 4

Profunda brachii

Question 5

Venous drainage anterior compartment of arm?

Answer 5

Brachial vein

Question 6

Venous drainage of posterior compartment of arm?

Answer 6

Profunda brachii

Question 7

Nerve supplying muscles of anterior compartment of arm?

Answer 7

Musculocutaneous

Question 8

Nerve supplying muscles of posterior compartment of arm?

Answer 8

Radial

Question 9

Arterial supply to anterior compartment of forearm?

Answer 9

Radial

Ulnar

Question 10

Arterial supply to posterior compartment of forearm?

Answer 10

Interosseous

Question 11

Venous drainage of anterior compartment of forearm?

Answer 11

Venae comitantes

Question 12

Venous drainage of posterior compartment of forearm?

Answer 12

Venae comitantes

Question 13

Nerve supply to anterior compartment of forearm?

Answer 13

Median (+ ulnar)

Question 14

Nerve supply to posterior compartment of forearm?

Answer 14

Radial

Question 15

Arterial supply to hand?

Answer 15

Deep and superficial palmar arches

Question 16

Nerve supply to hand?

Answer 16

Ulnar

Median nerve supplies LOAF (4 muscles)

Question 17

What are venue comitantes?

Answer 17

Most big arteries have 2 veins running on either side called venae comitantes (accompanying veins)

Question 18

See diagram 1

Answer 18

See diagram 1

Question 19

See diagram 2

Answer 19

See diagram 2

Question 20

See diagram 3

Answer 20

See diagram 3

Question 21

What are the roots of the brachial plexus?

Answer 21

C5, C6, C7, C8, T1

Question 22

What is the trunk formed from C5 and C6 in the brachial plexus?

Answer 22

Upper trunk

Question 23

What is the trunk formed from C7 in the brachial plexus?

Answer 23

Middle

Question 24

What is the trunk formed from C8 and T1 in the brachial plexus?

Answer 24

Lower

Question 25

What do all the trunks of the brachial plexus divide into?

Answer 25

Anterior and posterior division

Question 26

What are the 3 cords of the brachial plexus?

Answer 26

Lateral Posterior Medial

Question 27

What forms the lateral cord of the brachial plexus?

Answer 27

Anterior branches of the upper and middle trunks (C5, 6 and 7)

Question 28

What forms the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?

Answer 28

All of the posterior division (C5 - T1)

Question 29

What forms the medial cord of the brachial plexus?

Answer 29

The anterior division of the lower trunk (C8 and T1)

Question 30

How are the cords of the brachial plexus named?

Answer 30

According to their location to the brachia artery

Question 31

What shape do the branches of the medial and lateral cords of the brachial plexus make?

Answer 31

An M shape

Question 32

What is another name for Erb's palsy?

Answer 32

Waiter's tip

Question 33

What happens during Erb's Palsy/ waiter's tip?

Answer 33

Paralysis of the arm due to injury to the upper group of the arm's main nerves (specifically the upper trunk - C5 - C6) - usually occurs during a difficult birth - paralysis can either resolve on its own over a period of months or through rehab and surgery

Question 34

What is Klumpke's paralysis?

Answer 34

Form of paralysis involving the muscles of the forearm and hand resulting from a brachial plexus injury which damages C8 and T1

Question 35

See diagram 4

Answer 35

See diagram 4

Question 36

See diagram 5

Answer 36

See diagram 5

Question 37

What vessels in the upper limb are extremely variable?

Answer 37

Superficial veins

Question 38

What covers articular surfaces in joints?

Answer 38

Articular cartilage (normally hyaline cartilage although there are exceptions e.g. fibrocartilage in TMJ)

Question 39

What surrounds a joint, lines the capsule (on the inside) and secretes synovial fluid?

Answer 39

Synovial membrane aka synovium

Question 40

What surrounds a synovial joint?

Answer 40

A capsule

Question 41

What surrounds the capsule of a synovial joint?

Answer 41

Ligaments

Question 42

See diagram 6

Answer 42

See diagram 6

Question 43

What 3 major factors stabilise a joint?

Answer 43

Ligaments (including capsule) Muscle tone Shape of the articular surfaces

Question 44

What branches come off the lateral cord of the branchial?

Answer 44

``` Musculocutaneous Median (along with medial cord) ```

Question 45

What branches come off the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?

Answer 45

Axillary | Radial

Question 46

What branches come off the medial cord of the brachial plexus?

Answer 46

``` Ulnar Median (along with lateral cord) ```