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NBDE 1 > Anatomy Memorization > Flashcards

Anatomy Memorization Flashcards

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1
Q

Bones of Orbit

A 
Frontal
Maxilla
Zygoma
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Lacrimal
Palatine
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2
Q

Zygomatic Bone

A

Part of lateral wall and floor of orbit
Parts of temporal and infratemporal fossa
Articulates w/ maxilla (anteriorly), temporal bone (posteriorly) and frontal bone (superiorly)

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3
Q

Maxilla - Components, boundaries of, and fossae

A

Has body and four processes - zygomatic, frontal, alveolar and palatine

Boundaries of: roof of mouth (palate), floor and lateral wall of nose, floor of orbit

Two fossae: Infratemporal and pterygopalatine

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4
Q

Infratemporal Boundaries - Anterior, posterior, medial, lateral

A

Posterior maxilla

Temporal bone (articular tubercle) and spine of sphenoid

Lateral pterygoid plate (sphenoid)

Mandibular ramus

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5
Q

Infratemporal fossa Boundaries - Roof, floor

A

Greater wing of spehnoid (w/ foramen ovale)

Medial pterygoid muscle

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6
Q

Infratemporal Fossa Contents

A

Temporalis and pterygoid muscles

Maxillary artery and branches

Pterygoid plexus of veins

Mandibular nerve

Chorda Tympani

Otic ganglion (CN 9)

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7
Q

Pterygopalatine Fossa Boundaries - Anterior, posterior, medial, lateral, roof, floor

A

Maxilla

Pterygoid plates

Nasal Fossa

Infratemporal fossa

Greater wing of sphenoid (opens into IOF)

Pyramidal process of palatine bone

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8
Q

Pterygopalatine Fossa Contents

A

Pterygopalatine (3rd part) part of maxillary artery and branches

Maxillary Nerve

Nerve of pterygoid canal

Pterygopalatine ganglion and branches

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9
Q

Pterygopalatine Fossa - Lateral Communication

Passageway
Contents Passing
Space

A

Pterygomaxillary Fissure
Posterior Superior Alveolar NAV
Infratemporal fossa

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10
Q

Pterygopalatine Fossa - Anterosuperior Communication

Passageway
Contents Passing
Space

A

Inferior orbital fissure

CN V2

Orbit

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11
Q

Pterygopalatine Fossa - Posterosuperior Communication

Passageway
Contents Passing
Space

A

Foramen rotundum and pterygoid canal

CN V2; nerve of pterygoid canal (formed by deep and greater petrosal nerves)

Middle cranial fossa

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12
Q

Pterygopalatine Fossa - Medial Communication

Passageway
Contents Passing
Space

A

Sphenopalatine foramen

Sphenopalatine artery and vein, nasopalatine nerve

Nasal cavity

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13
Q

Pterygopalatine Fossa - Inferior Communication

Passageway
Contents Passing
Space

A

Palatine canals

Greater and lesser palatine NAVs

Oral cavity

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14
Q

Nasal Septum Bones

A

Vertical plate of ethmoid
Vomer
Nasal crest of maxilla and palatine bones
Nasal crest of sphenoid bone

Septal cartilage

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15
Q

Kisselbach’s Plexus - 5 arteries anastomosis

A 
Sphenopalatine artery (maxillary a)
Greater palatine artery (maxillary a)
Superior labial artery (facial a)
Anterior ethmoid artery (opthalmic a)
Lateral nasal branches from facial a
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16
Q

Nasolacrimal Apparatus Drainage

A

Inferior meatus

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17
Q

Frontal Sinuses Drainage

A

Hiatus semilunaris (middle meatus)

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18
Q

Maxillary sinuses Drainage

A

Middle meatus - ostium (within hiatus semilunaris)

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19
Q

Ethmoid sinuses Drainage

Anterior
Middle
Posterior

A

Hiatus semilunaris

Ethmoidal bullae

Superior meatus

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20
Q

Sphenoid sinus drainage

A

Sphenoethmoidal recess of nasal cavity

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21
Q

Epidural hematoma
Subdural hematoma
Subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

Middle meningeal artery

Bridging vein

Ruptured aneurysm (ex: anterior communicating a)

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22
Q

Falx Cerebri (vertical)

A

Vertical/midline

Seperates cerebral hemispheres

Forms superior/inferior sagittal sinuses

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23
Q

Falx cerebelli (vertical)

A

Separates cerebellar hemispheres

Contains occipital sinus

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24
Q

Tentorium Cerebelli (Horizontal)

A

Separates occipital lobe from cerebellum

Contains straight, transverse and superior petrosal sinuses

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25
Diaphragma sella (Horizontal)
Roof of sella turicica Small hole = passage for pituitary stalk
26
Cavernus Sinus Anterior Connections Contents Description
Superior/inferior opthalmic veins, pterygoid plexus of veins. Lateral wall: CN 3, 4, V1, V2 Route of infection to brain
27
Cavernus Sinus Posterior Connections Contents Description
Superior/inferior petrosal sinus, intercavernous sinus CN 6 and ICA (running through cavernous sinus) Cavernus sinus thrombosis
28
Venticles - Nearby Anatomical Structures Lateral Ventricle Lateral Ventricle (Inferior Horn) Third Venticle Floor of fourth ventricle
Caudate nucleus Hippocampus Hypothalamaus Pons
29
CSF Circulation Pathway
Lateral Ventricles -> Foramen of Monro -> Third ventricle -> Cerebral aqueduct -> Fourth ventricle -> Foramina of Magendie (Medial) and Luschka (Lateral) -> Bathes subarachnoid space -> Arachnoid granulations of superior sagittal sinus -> Venous circulation
30
Anterior 2/3rd of tongue Taste Nerve Pathway Brain Stem nucleus Thalamic Nucleus
CN 7 - Chorda tympani (travels via lingual nerve to geniculate ganglion) Solitary Tract Nucleus of solitary tract (gustatory nucleus) VPM
31
Posterior 1/3rd of tongue taste Nerve Pathway Brain Stem nucleus Thalamic Nucleus
CN 9 Solitary Tract Nucleus of solitary tract (gustatory nucleus) VPM
32
Epiglottis taste Nerve Pathway Brain Stem nucleus Thalamic Nucleus
CN 10 Solitary Tract Nucleus of Solitary Tract (gustatory nucleus) VPM
33
Lymph Drainage of Tongue Posterior Lateral Middle Anterior Lateral Anterior/Tip
Superior Deep Cervical Submandibular Contralateral Inferior Deep Cervical Ipsilateral Submental/Contralateral Submental
34
Genioglossus Action and Innervation
Protrudes tongue CN 12
35
Hyoglossus Innervation and Action
Depress tongue, pull down sides (retracts) CN 12
36
Styloglossus innervation and action
Pull tongue up and back CN 12
37
Palatoglossus innervation and action
Pull tongue up and back toward palate CN 10 (pharyngeal plexus)
38
Longitudinal Superior/Inferior tongue muscle
Shorten tongue (both) Make dorsum concave (superior) Make dorsum convex (inferior)
39
Transversus tongue muscle
Narrows and elongates tongue
40
Verticalis tongue muscle
Flattens and broadens the tongue
41
Medial to Hyoglossus
Lingual Artery
42
Lateral to hyoglossus
Lingual vein and nerve Submandibular Duct Hypoglossal Nerve
43
Lymph, Sinuses, Crypts: Pharyngeal Tonsils Palatine Tonsils Lingual Tonsils
No lymph, sinuses, crypts Contain crypts and lymphoid follicles (no sinuses) Lymphoid follicle each w/ single crypt
44
Superior Pharyngeal Constrictor
Pterygomandibular raphe - Midline pharyngeal raphe Contract in waves to propel food ``` Sensory = CN 10 Motor = CN 11 via 10 ```
45
Middle Pharyngeal Constrictor
Hyoid bone - Midline pharyngeal raphe Contract in waves to propel food ``` Sensory = CN 10 Motor = CN 11 via 10 ```
46
Inferior Pharyngeal Constictor
Thyroid/cricoid cartilage - Midline pharyngeal raphe Contract in waves ``` Sensory = CN 10 Motr = CN 11 via 10 ```
47
Cricopharyngeus Constrictor
Lower fibers of inferior constrictor - midline raphe Constant contraction (serves as UES) ``` Sensory = CN 10 Motor = CN 11 via 10 ```
48
Palatopharyngeus muscle
Palatal aponeurosis - posterolateral pharync Raise pharynx and larynx during swalling CN 11 (via 10, pharyngeal plexus)
49
Salpingopharyngeus
Catilage of eustachian tube - palatopharyngeus muscle Elevate nasopharynx, open auditory tube, equalize pressure CN 11 via 10 (pharyngeal plexus)
50
Stylopharyngeus
Styloid process - passes between superior/middle constrictors and blends w/ palatopharyngeus Raise pharynx/larynx during swallowing CN 9
51
Lymphatic Drainage of Parotid Gland
Parotid gland -> parotid nodes -> superior deep cervical lymph nodes
52
Lymphatic drainage of Submandibular/sublingual glands
Submandibular and sublingual glands -> submandibular and deep cervical nodes
53
Parotid Gland Secretion Duct Innervation Blood Supply
Serous Stenson's duct (at level of Max 2nd molars) Pregang: Lesser petrosal (CN 9) Synapse: Otic Ganglion Postgang: Travels w/ auriculotemporal Blood Supply: Branches of superficial temporal and transverse facial
54
Submandibular Gland Secretion Duct Innervation Blood Supply
Serous and Mucous Wharton's duct, crosses lingual nerve (near sublingual gland), empties at sublingual caruncle/papilla Pregang: Chorda tympani Synapse: Submandiblar ganglion Postgang: Leaves ganglion to gland Glandular branches of facial artery
55
Sublingual Gland Secretion Duct Innervation Blood Supply
Mucous Sublingual (Rivian) ducts at sublingual folds, anterior ducts open medially into submandibular duct (bartholin's) Pregang: Chorda tympani Synapse: Submandibular ganglion Postgang: to gland Glandular branches of lingual artery (sublingual A)
56
Minor Salivary Glands
Labial/Buccal -> mucous only von Ebner's glands -> at base of circumvallate, serous only Glands of Blandin-nuhn/Anterior lingual glands -> mixed serous-mucous
57
Parotid Space Contents
Parotid Gland Facial Nerve External Carotid Artery Retromandibular Vein
58
Submandibular Space Contents
``` Submandibular Gland Lymph Node Hypoglossal Nerve Nerve to mylohyoid Facial Artery ```
59
Sublingual Space Contents
Sublingual gland Deep submandibular gland and duct Lingual artery Hypoglossal Nerve
60
Tonsillar Space Contents
Palatine tonsil Glossopharyngeal nerve Tonsillar and ascending palatine branches of facial artery
61
Masticator Space Contents
``` Mandibular ramus and TMJ Muscles of mastication Mandibular Nerve Maxillary Artery Pterygoid plexus of veins Chorda tympani nerve ```
62
Parapharyngeal Space Contents
Carotid Sheath | Deep Cervical chain of lymph nodes
63
Masseter Origin Insertion Action
Superficial = Zygomatic process of maxilla and anterior 2/3 zygomatic arch... Deep = zygomatic arch (inner post 1/3) Superficial = angle of mandible, Deep = lateral ramus Elevation, retrustion (deep and post fibers), ipsilateral excursion
64
Temporalis Origin Insertion Action
Origin = lower temporal line, temporal fossa, temporal fascia Medial coronoid, anterior ramus Elevation (anterior/superior fibers), retrusion (posterior), ipsilateral excursion
65
Medial pterygoid Origin Insertion Action
Medial side of lateral pterygoid plate Medial side of mandibular angle Elevation, protrusion, contralateral excursion
66
Lateral Pterygoid Origin Insertion Action
Superior: greater wing of sphenoid, inferior: lateral side of lateral pterygoid plate Superior: articular capsule and disc, inferior: anterior condylar neck Protrusion, depression, contralateral excursion
67
Temperomandibular Ligament (Lateral Ligament) Parts and Functions
Outer oblique portion: prevents posterior and inferior displacement Inner horizontal portion: prevents lateral or mesial displacement Main ligament
68
Sphenomandibular Ligament
Remnant of Meckel's Cartilage Connects spine of sphenoid w/ lingula of mandible
69
Stylomandibular ligament
Connects styloid process to mandibular angle
70
Superficial Cervical Fascia (Subcutaneous Tissue) Contents
Cutaneous nerves, blood and lymphatic vessels, fat, platysma
71
Layers of Deep Cervical Fascia (Muscular fascia)
Investing, Pretracheal, Prevertebral
72
Investing Fascia Contents
Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles and submandibular and parotid glands
73
Pretracheal Fascia Contents
Thyroid gland, larynx, pharynx and esophagus Continuous with buccophayngeal fascia
74
Prevertebral Fascia Contents
Vertebrae and deep cervical muscles
75
Carotid Sheath Contents
CCA IJV CN 10 Associated with: Lymph noedes, carotid sinus nerve, sympathetic nerves
76
Retropharyngeal Space
Between pharynx (buccopharyngeal fascia) and prevertebral fascia Communicates w/ mediastinum (infection spread, ludwig's angina)
77
Posterior Triangle Boundaries ``` Anterior Posterior Inferior Floor Roof ```
SCM (post border) Trapezius (anter border) Clavicle (middle 1/3rd) Splenius Capitus, levator scapulae, scalene muscles Skin, superficial fascia, platysma, deep investing fascia of neck
78
Posterior triangle Contents
``` EJV Cervical plexus Lesser occipital nerve Great auricular nerve CN 11 Phrenic nerve Subclavian vein/artery Brachial Plexus ```
79
Anterior Triangle Boundaries ``` Anterior Posterior Superior Floor Roof ```
Neck Midline SCM (Anterior Border) Inferior border of mandible Pharynx, larynx, thyroid Skin, superficial fascia, platysma, deep investing fascia
80
Anterior Triangle Contents
``` Infrahyoid/suprahyoid muscles CCA, ICA IJV/EJV Retromandibular vein CN 10, 11, 12, cervical plexus ```
81
Submandibular Triangle (Subset of Anterior Triangle) Boundaries Inferior Superior Floor Roof
Bellies of digastric Inferior border of mandible Mylohyoid, Hyoglossus Skin, superficial fascia, platysma, deep fascia
82
Submandibular Triangle Contents (2 glands/nodes, 2 nerves, 2 arteries, 2 veins)
``` Submandibular gland Submandibular lymph nodes Hypoglossal nerve Mylohyoid nerve Lingual and facial arteries and veins ```
83
Infrahyoid muscle innervation
Ansa cervicalis = sternohyoid, sternothyroid, omohyoid C1 via CN 12 = Thyrohyoid (also geniohyoid)
84
Muscular Triangle Boundaries and Contents
Superior Belly of omohyoid, SCM, midline of neck Infrahyoid strap muscles
85
Carotid Triangle Boundaries and Contents
Superior belly of omohyoid, posterior belly of digastric, SCM CCA, IJV, CN 10, 11, 12, cervical plexus
86
Submental Triangle Boundaries and Contents
Right and left anterior bellies of digastric, body of hyoid Mylohyoid muscle (midline raphe)
87
SCM Action and Innervation
Bilateral = Flexes neck Unilateral = pulls head to shoulder, turns head to opposite side CN 11
88
Trapezius Action and Innervation
Bilateral = Extends head Unilateral = Chin up to opposite side,, elevate acromion (rotates, elevates scapula and clavicle) CN 11
89
Digastric Anterior Origin Insertion Innervation
Intermediate tendon Anterior mandible (digastric fossa) CN V3 - Nerve to mylohyoid
90
Digastric Posterior Origin Insertion Innervation
Temporal bone (digastric notch) Intermediate tendon CN 7
91
Mylohyoid Origin Insertion Innervation
Medial mandible (mylohyoid line) Median raphe/body of hyoid CN V3 - Nerve to mylohyoid
92
Geniohyoid Origin Insertion Innervation
Genial tubercles (mandible) Body of hyoid C1 Fibers via CN 12
93
Stylohyoid Origin Insertion Innervation
Styloid Process Hyoid (greater horn) CN 7
94
Omohyoid Origin Insertion Innervation
Superior Belly: Intermediate tendon, Inferior Belly: Superior Scapula Superior belly: Hyoid (body), Inferior Belly: Intermediate tendon Ansa Cervicalis
95
Sternohyoid Origin Insertion Innervation
Manubrium of sternum Hyoid (lower surface) Ansa cervicalis
96
Sternothyroid Origin Insertion Innervation
Manubrium of Sternum Thyroid Cartilage (oblique line) Ansa cervicalis
97
Thyrohyoid
Thyroid Cartilage (Oblique line) Hyoid (body and greater horn) C1 fibers Via CN 12
98
Branches of ECA
Some anatomist like football, others prefer soccer matches ``` Superior Thyroid Ascending Palatine Lingual Facial Occipital Posterior Auricular Sperficial temporal Maxillary ```
99
Cervical Branches of Facial Artery
Tonsillar Ascending Palatine Glandular Submental
100
Facial Branches of Facial Artery
Inferior Labial Superior Labial Lateral Nasal Angular
101
Mandibular Portion of Maxillary Artery
``` Deep Auricular Anterior Tympanic Middle Meningeal Accessory Meningeal Inferior Alveolar ```
102
Pterygoid Portion of Maxillary Artery
Anterior and posterior deep temporal Pterygoid Masseteric Buccal
103
Pterygopalatine Portion of Maxillary Artery
``` Posteriosuperior Alveolar Infraorbital - becomes ASA Descending Palatine Artery of Pterygoid Canal Pharyngeal Sphenopalatine ```
104
External Jugular Vein Receives what veins
Posterior auricular and Posterior retromandibular formEJV
105
Superficial temporal Vein receives what, merges with what and splits into what?
Receives = Pterygoid Plexus of veins, retromandibular vein Merges w/ = Maxillary vein = retromandibular vein Splits into: Anterior/posterior retromandibular vein
106
IJV receives what and what does this vein receive?
IJV receives = Common facial vein Common Facial Vein Receives = Anterior facial vein and anterior retromandibular vein (from superficial temporal vein)
107
Superficial Ring of Nodes
``` Occipital Mastoid Parotid Submanibular Submental ```
108
Deep nodes
Retropharyngeal
109
Deep cervical Lymph nodes
Jugulodigastric node | Juguloomohyoid node
110
Lymph Drainage sequence
Occipital and mastoid -> Retropharyngeal -> Jugulodigastric Parotid, submandibular to jugulodigastric Jugulodigastric to jugulo-omohoyoid
111
Submental Lymph Node caveat
Submental drains to submandibular (which then goes to jugulodigastric then to jugulo-ommohyoid) or it drains directly to jugulo-omohyoid

NBDE 1 (2 decks)

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