Anatomy - MSK Flashcards
(41 cards)
Bones of axial skeleton
Bones of skull, neck, trunk
Bones of appendicular skeleton
Bones of pectoral girdle, upper limbs, pelvic girdle, lower limbs
Bones of hand
Carpal bones (wrist), metacarpals (palm), phalanges (fingers)
What is bone made of?
Hard, connective tissue
Functions of bones
Support and protection of organs
Calcium metabolism
RBC formation
Attachment for skeletal muscles
Where is cartilage located?
Where mobility is required e.g. at articulations (joints)
Why do skeletal muscles contract?
To move the bones
Where are skeletal muscles located?
Underneath the deep fascia
What are skeletal muscles covered with?
Tough fibrous connective tissue
Layers of the skin
Epidermis Dermis Fascia Superficial fascia Deep fascia Skeletal muscle
Examples of synovial joints
Hip, shoulder, elbow, knees
Examples of cartilagenous joints
Intervertebral discs
Examples of fibrous joints
Suture joints
How do long bones form?
Endochondral ossification
Small hyaline cartilage ossifies (turns into bone)
State the order of bone contents
Epiphysis
Epiphyseal growth plate
Metaphysis
Diaphysis
Compare outer and inner cortex of bone
Outer: dense, strong, heavy, compact, cortical bone
Inner: pores, weaker, lighter, spongy, trabecular/cancellos
What supplies the compact bone?
Periosteum
What supplies both the compact and spongy bone?
Nutrient vessels
What are fontanelles
Wide sutures in the neonatal skull
Allows for growing frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital bones to slide over each other
Makes baby’s head smaller during delivery (molding)
What is the articular surface of synovial joint covered with?
What is wrapped around the joint?
Hyaline cartilage
A capsule
What is synovial joint supported by?
Ligaments
How is synovial joint associated with bursae?
Prevents friction
What unites synovial joints
Joint articular capsule composed of an outer fibrous layer lined by a serous synovial membrane
What unites fibrous joints
Fibrous tissue
