Histology

Question 1

T or F: Plasmalemma can exocytose and endocytose material

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Function of mitochondria

Answer 2

Energy production

Question 3

Function of rough ER

Answer 3

Protein synthesis and initiation of glycoprotein formation

Question 4

Function of smooth ER

Answer 4

Cholesterol and lipid synthesis/detoxification

Question 5

Function of Golgi apparatus

Answer 5

Modification and packaging of secretions

Generate ATP

Synthesis of certain lipids and proteins

Question 6

Function of lysosomes

Answer 6

Hydrolytic enzymes of intracellular digestion

Question 7

Function of nucleus

Answer 7

Contains genetic code

Question 8

State the order of cytoskeletons from largest to smallest and what they’re composed of

Answer 8

Microfilaments:
7nm, composed of actin

Intermediate filaments:
>10nm, composed of proteins

Microtubules:
25nm, composed of tubulin

Question 9

Are cytoskeletons polar or non polar?

Answer 9

Polar

Question 10

Where do cytoskeletons originate from?

Answer 10

Centrosome

Question 11

Outer nuclear membrane of nucleus is studded with..

Answer 11

Ribosomes

Question 12

Site of mRNA synthesis

Answer 12

Nucleus

Question 13

Site of tRNA synthesis

Answer 13

Nucleus

Question 14

Site of rRNA synthesis

Answer 14

Nucleolus

Question 15

Where is ribosome formed?

Answer 15

Nucleolus

Question 16

Function of occluding junctions

Answer 16

Link cells to form diffusion barrier

Question 17

Function of anchoring junctions

Answer 17

Provide mechanical strength

Link submembrane actin bundles of adjacent cells. Cadherin molecules bind to each other in extracellular space and to actin of cytoskeleton

Question 18

Function of communicating junctions

Answer 18

Allow movement of molecules between cells

Often termed gap junctions

Question 19

Differentiate between desmosomes and hemidesmosomes

Answer 19

D: Link submembrane intermediate filaments of adjacent cells

H: Link submembrane intermediate filaments of cells to extacellular matrix through transmembrane proteins

Question 20

Pores in communicating junctions are produced by..

Answer 20

Connexion proteins

Question 21

Where are communicating junctions found?

Answer 21

Epithelium
Smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle

Question 22

T or F: Endocytosis is receptor mediated

Answer 22

True

Question 23

Main stain used in haematology

Answer 23

H&E

Haematoxylin – purple, basic dye
Eosin – pink, acidic dye

Question 24

T or F: Epitheliums are usually polarised

Answer 24

True

Apical and basal sides differ

Question 25

Where are the products secreted in endocrine and exocrine glands?

Answer 25

ED: Towards basal end of cell (Ductless) EX: Towards apical end of cell (Ducted)

Question 26

Examples of soft connective tissue

Answer 26

``` Tendons Ligaments Mesentery Stroma of organs Dermis of skin ```

Question 27

Examples of hard connective tissue

Answer 27

Bone and cartilage

Question 28

Types of cartilage

Answer 28

Hyaline Elastic Fibrocartilage

Question 29

Examples of hyaline cartilage

Answer 29

Articular surface Tracheal rings Costal cartilage Epiphyseal growth plates

Question 30

What does the extracellular matrix consist of?

Answer 30

Fibres – collagen, reticular and elastic fibres Ground substance Tissue fluid

Question 31

Multinucleated + elongated nuclei and located at the periphery

Answer 31

Skeletal muscle

Question 32

Connective tissue coat in CNS

Answer 32

Meninges

Question 33

Connective tissue coat in PNS

Answer 33

Epineurium

Question 34

Support and ion transport

Answer 34

Astrocytes

Question 35

Provide immune surveillance

Answer 35

Microglia

Question 36

Collection of nerve cell bodies in CNS and PNS

Answer 36

``` CNS = Nucleus PNS = Ganglion ```

Question 37

Which organelles stain purple?

Answer 37

DNA in the nucleas | RNA in the ribosome

Question 38

Layer of arteries and what are they made of

Answer 38

``` Tunica intima - Endothelial cells Internal elastic membrane Tunica media - Smooth muscle External elastic membrane Tunica adventitia - Supporting connective tissue ```

Question 39

T or F: Arterioles have adventitia

Answer 39

False Only 1 or 2 layers of smooth muscle in tunica media and almost no adventitia

Question 40

Give examples of: Continuous Fenestrated Sinusoidal

Answer 40

Continuous – muscle, nerve, lung, skin Fenestrated – (have pores) gut mucosa, endocrine glands, kidney Sinusoidal – (have large gaps) liver, spleen, bone marrow

Question 41

Protective

Answer 41

Non-keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium

Question 42

Secretory

Answer 42

Simple columnar epithelium with extensive tubular glands

Question 43

Absorptive

Answer 43

Simple columnar epithelium with villi & | tubular glands

Question 44

Protective + Absorptive

Answer 44

Simple columnar epithelium with tubular | glands

Question 45

Granulated WBC

Answer 45

Neutrophil, basophil, eosinophil

Question 46

Non-granulated WBC

Answer 46

Monocyte, lymphocyte

Question 47

Segmented nuclei

Answer 47

Neutrophil

Question 48

Very dense granules, segmented nuclei

Answer 48

Basophil

Question 49

Bilobed nucleus

Answer 49

Eosinophil

Question 50

Kidney bean nucleus

Answer 50

Monocyte

Question 51

Small, virtually no cytoplasm, unsegmented nucleus

Answer 51

Lymphocyte

Question 52

Which WBC stains blue/purple?

Answer 52

Basophil

Question 53

Which WBC stains red/pink?

Answer 53

Eosinophil

Question 54

Differentiate euchromatin and heterochromatin

Answer 54

Euchromatin: DNA that is more dispersed and is actively undergoing transcription (central, white) Heterochromatin: DNA that is highly condensed and not undergoing transcription (periphery, grey)

Question 55

Once the vessel begins to acquire intermittent smooth muscle cells in a tunica media layer, they are referred to as..

Answer 55

Venules

Question 56

Which WBC has Barr bodies?

Answer 56

Neutrophils