Anatomy - Muscles And Bones Lower Limb

Question 1

A 45-year-old female presents with a noticeable drop of her left pelvis when asked to stand on her right leg. This finding is consistent with weakness of which of the following muscles and which nerve is most likely involved?

a) Gluteus maximus, inferior gluteal nerve
b) Gluteus medius and minimus, inferior gluteal nerve
c) Gluteus maximus, superior gluteal nerve
d) Gluteus medius and minimus, superior gluteal nerve

Answer 1

Gluteus medius and minimus, superior gluteal nerve

Question 2

Which of the following structures does not pass through the greater sciatic foramen inferior to (below) the piriformis muscle?
a) Sciatic nerve
b) Inferior gluteal artery
c) Pudendal nerve
d) Superior gluteal nerve

Answer 2

Superior gluteal nerve

Question 3

The primary action of the gluteus maximus muscle is extension of the hip joint. Which nerve provides the sole motor innervation to this muscle?
a) Sciatic nerve
b) Superior gluteal nerve
c) Inferior gluteal nerve
d) Nerve to quadratus femoris

Answer 3

Inferior gluteal nerve

Question 4

A patient receives an intramuscular injection in the gluteal region. To minimize the risk of sciatic nerve injury, the injection should be administered in which quadrant?
a) Lower and medial
b) Lower and lateral
c) Upper and lateral
d) Upper and medial

Answer 4

Upper and lateral

Question 5

Which of the following muscles is considered a key muscle of the gluteal region due to its role as a landmark for neurovascular structures?
a) Gluteus maximus
b) Gluteus medius
c) Piriformis
d) Obturator internus

Answer 5

Piriformis

Question 6

List the muscles located in the Anterior compartment of the leg. Give its innervation supply.

Answer 6

Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallicus longus

Nerve: Deep peroneal nerve

Question 7

Give the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg. Classify which are superficial and deep and give its nerve supply.

Answer 7

Gastronemius
Soleus
Plantaris
_______________
Tibalis posterior
Popoletius
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallicus longus

Nerve: tibial nerve

Question 8

Give the muscles of the lateral aspect of the leg. Give its nerve supply and function.

Answer 8

Pernous brevis and longus
Superficial peroneal nerve
Eversion of the foot

Question 9

List your gluteal region muscles.

Answer 9

Gluteus Maximus, minimus, medius
Piriformis
Tensor fascia latae
Gemullus superior and inferior
Obtrutar internus and externus
Quadratus fermoris

Question 10

What is the nerve supply of gluteal region muscles.

Answer 10

Gluteus Maximus - inferior gluteal nerve
Gluteus minimus and medius - superior gluteal nerve supply
Tensor fasciae latae - superior gluteal nerve
Piriformis - nerve to Piriformis
Gemullus superior - nerve to obturator internus
Gemullus inferior - nerve to quadratus femoris
Obtrutor internus - Obturator nerve
Obtrurator externus - obturator nerve
Quadratus femoris - femoral nerve

Question 11

You are given a hip Bone. List the three parts of the hip bone. List some muscles that originate from the hip bone.

Answer 11

Ilium
Ichium
Pubis.
______________
Gluteus Maximus, minimus and medius
Tensor fasciae latae
Sartorius
Rectus femoris
Quadratus femoris
Obturator internus
Gemullus superior and inferior

Question 12

The ischial tuberosity gives origin to which structures?

Answer 12

Biceps femoris (long head)
Semi tendinosus
Semi membranous

Question 13

The body of the pubis of the hip bone gives attachment to which structures?

Answer 13

Adductor magnus, longus and brevis
Gracilis
Obturator externus

Question 14

The femur bone is given. Give some characteristics of the femur bone.

Answer 14

Longest and strongest bone of the body
Forms hip joint - upper end
Forms knee joint - lower end

Question 15

The femur bone is given and an x is placed at the greater trochanter. Which bones are attached here?

Answer 15

Gluteus Maximus, minimus, medius
Piriformis
Obturator externus and internus
Gemullus superior and inferior

Question 16

The femur bone is given and an x is placed at the lesser trochanter. Which bones are attached here?

Answer 16

Psoas major and iliac muscles.

Question 17

List some muscles attached to the femur (anterior, posterior and medial).
What is its nerve supply.

Answer 17

Anterior - rectus femoris, vastus medialis, lateralis, intermedialis. — Femoral nerve
Posterior - biceps femoris, semi tendinious, semimembranious - sciatic nerve
Medial - adductor magnus, longus brevis, gracilis, pectineus - obturator nerve

Question 18

The femur bone is given and an X is placed at the lateral and medial epicondyle, which structures are attached here?

Answer 18

Lateral - fibular collateral ligaments
Medial - tibial collateral ligaments

Question 19

An X is placed on the medial and lateral condyle of the femur bone, which muscles are attached here?
What is its nerve supply?

Answer 19

Lateral - Popliteus, gastronemius and plantaris
Medial - gastrocnemius

Nerve supply- Tibial nerve

Question 20

The anterior and posterior cruciate ligament is attached to what structure on the femur bone?

Answer 20

Intercondylar fossa

Question 21

Give the contents of the femoral triangle.

Answer 21

Femoral artery and branches
Femoral vein and branches
Femoral sheath
Femoral nerve
Nerve to pectineus
Femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve
Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh
Deep dorsal lymph nodes

Question 22

Give the origin for the muscle of the anterior compartment of the thigh.

Answer 22

Satorius - anterior superior iliac spine
Rectus femoris - anterior superior iliac spine
Vastus intermedialis - anterior and lateral surface of shaft of femur
Vastus medialis - intertrochanter line
Vastus lateralis - intertrochanter line

Question 23

Give the insertions for the muscle of the anterior compartment of the thigh.

Answer 23

Satorius - shaft of tibia
Rectus femoris - base of patella
Vastus intermedialis - base of patella
Vastus medialis - base and medial boarder of patella
Vastus lateralis - base of patella

Question 24

State the actions and nerve supply of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh

Answer 24

Satorius - abductor and lateral rotator. Flexor of the leg at knee joint
Quadriceps femoris - extensor of the knee of knee joint

Nerve: Femoral Nerve

Question 25

Give the contents of the adductor canal.

Answer 25

Femoral artery and vein Saphenous nerve 2 branches of obturator nerve Nerve to vastus medialis

Question 26

The Satorius is pinned on the leg structure. What are some characteristics of this muscle?

Answer 26

Longest muscle of the body Found in the anterior compartment of the thigh Nerve - femoral nerve Origin - anterior superior iliac spine Insertion - shaft of tibia

Question 27

Give the origins and insertions of the posterior compartment muscles of the thigh.

Answer 27

Semitendinous — ischial tuberosity — medial surface of tibia Semimembranous — ischial tuberosity — medial condyle of tibia Biceps femoris — ischial tuberosity — head of fibula Ischial head of Adductor magnus — ischial tuberosity — gluteal tuberosity

Question 28

The sciatic nerve is pinned. Give some characteristics of this structure.

Answer 28

Thickest nerve of the body Supplies the posterior compartment of the thigh Spinal cord - L4, L5, S1-3 Divides into tibial and common peroneal nerves

Question 29

Give the origin and insertion for the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh.

Answer 29

Adductor brevis — body of pubis — linea aspea in the shaft of tibia Adductor longus — body of pubis — lesser trochanter to linea aspera Adductor magnus — ischial tuberosity — gluteal tuberosity Gracilis — body of pubis — medial surface of tibia (behind Satorius, in front of semitendinous) Pectineus — pectin body — lesser trochanter to linea aspea

Question 30

Give the nerve supply and actions of the medial compartment muscles of the thigh.

Answer 30

Adductor brevis — adduction of thigh at hip joint Adductor longus — adductor of thigh at hip joint Adductor Magnus — adductor of thigh at hip joint Gracilis — flexor and medial rotator of the thigh Pectineus — adductor and flexor of thigh NERVE: OBTURATOR NERVE (L2,L3,L4)

Question 31

Give the arterial supply of the medial compartment of the thigh

Answer 31

Obturator artery (internal iliac branch) Medial circumflex femoral artery (profundo femoral branch)

Question 32

Give the origin of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg.

Answer 32

Tibilias anterior — lateral condyle of the tibia — medial cuneiform & base of the 1st metatarsal bone Extensor digitorum longus — medial surface of the shaft of fibula — base of distal phalanges Extensor hallicus longus — lateral condyle of the tibia — base of the distal and proximal phalanges Perntneus teritus — medial surface of shaft of fibula Extensor digitorum brevis

Question 33

Paralysis of the muscle of the anterior compartment of the leg is due to injury of what nerve? What is the result of this?

Answer 33

Deep peroneal nerve and results in loss of function of Dorsiflexion

Question 34

The condition foot drop is caused by which nerve?

Answer 34

Common peroneal nerve

Question 35

Give the nerve supply and actions of the anterior compartment muscles of the leg.

Answer 35

Nerve- Deep perneoal nerve Action - Dorsiflexion Tibilias anterior - Dorsiflexion & Inversion

Question 36

Give the arterial supply of the anterior compartment of the leg

Answer 36

Tibilias anterior artery

Question 37

Give the origin and insertion of muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg

Answer 37

Peroneus longus — head of fibula — medial cuneiform and lateral surface of the base of 1st metatarsal bone Peroneus brevis — lateral surface of shaft of fibula — base of the 5th metatarsal bone

Question 38

Nerve supply and actions of peroneal muscles?

Answer 38

Superficial peroneal nerve Action - Eversion of the foot

Question 39

Give the origin and insertions for the muscles of the 1st and 2nd layers of the sole of the foot.

Answer 39

Abductor hallicus — calcaneum — base of the proximal phalanx of great toe Abductor digi minimi — calcaneum - base of phalanges of 2-4 Flexor digitorum longus — calcaneum — base of proximal phalanx of little toe

Question 40

Give the nerve supply and actions of the muscles of the 1st layer of the sole of foot.

Answer 40

Abductor hallicus — abductor of great toe Flexor digitorum brevis — flexor of toes at interphalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints Nerve for ^ : medial plantar nerve _________________ Abductor digi minimi - Abductor of little toe Nerve ^ : Lateral plantar nerve

Question 41

State the arteries of the sole of the foot.

Answer 41

Medial and lateral plantar arteries Plantar arch

Question 42

What nerve is found in proximity of the saphaneous vein?

Answer 42

Sural nerve , sensation of the lateral aspect of the leg, foot, ankle