Anatomy - Nervous System

Question 1

CNS components

Answer 1

Brain

Spinal Cord

Question 2

PNS components

Answer 2

Spinal nerves
Cranial nerves
Autonomic nerves
(All nerve tissue that is not CNS)

Question 3

Neurone components

Answer 3

Dendrites, body, axon of nerve fibre and myelin sheath

Question 4

Ganglion

Answer 4

Collection of nerve cell bodies (PNS)

Question 5

Nerve

Answer 5

Bundle of axons (PNS)

Question 6

CN I

Answer 6

Olofactory Nerve
Sensory
Cribiform Plate of the Ethmoid Bone

Question 7

CN II

Answer 7

Optic Nerve
Sensory
Optic Canal

Question 8

CN III

Answer 8

Oculomotor Nerve
Motor
Superior Orbital Fissure

Question 9

CN IV

Answer 9

Trochlear Nerve
Motor
Superior Orbital Fissure

Question 10

CN V (1, 2 and 3)

Answer 10

Trigeminal Nerve
Both sensory and motor 
CNV1 = Superior Orbital Fissure
CNV2 = Foramen Rotundum
CNV3 = Foramen Ovale

Question 11

CN VI

Answer 11

Abducent Nerve
Motor
Superior Orbital Fissure

Question 12

CN VII

Answer 12

Facial Nerve
Both sensory and motor
Internal Acoustic Meatus

Question 13

CN VIII

Answer 13

Vestibulcochlear Nerve
Sensory
Internal Acoustic Meatus

Question 14

CN IX

Answer 14

Glossopharyngeal Nerve
Both sensory and motor
Jugular Foramen

Question 15

CN X

Answer 15

Vagus Nerve
Both sensory and motor
Jugular Foramen

Question 16

CN XI

Answer 16

Spinal Accessory Nerve
Motor
Jugular Foramen

Question 17

CN XII

Answer 17

Hypoglossal Nerve
Motor
Hypoglossal Canal

Question 18

Which part of the floor of the cranial cavity does the spinal cord pass through?

Answer 18

Foramen Magnum

Question 19

At which level does the spinal cord end?

Answer 19

L1/L2 disc level (conus medullaris)

Question 20

Cervical Spinal Nerves

Answer 20

C1-C8

Question 21

Thoracic Spinal Nerves

Answer 21

T1-T12

Question 22

Lumbar Spinal Nerves

Answer 22

L1-L5

Question 23

Sacral Spinal Nerves

Answer 23

S1-S5

Question 24

Coccygeal Spinal Nerves

Answer 24

Co

Question 25

Vertebral Column =

Answer 25

``` 7 cervical vertebrae 12 thoracic vertebrae 5 lumbar vertebrae 5 sacral vertebrae (fused) 4 coccygeal vertebrae (fused) ```

Question 26

Naming spinal nerves

Answer 26

Named according to vertebrae above (except for cervical nerves, which are named for vertebrae below)

Question 27

Spinal Nerve anatomy

Answer 27

Located within the intervertebral foramina. Connect to soma via rami. Connect to spinal cord via roots and rootlets.

Question 28

T4 dermatome

Answer 28

Male Nipple

Question 29

T10 dermatome

Answer 29

Umbilicus

Question 30

Cervical plexus

Answer 30

C1-C4 anterior rami | Posterior scalp, neck wall, diaphragm

Question 31

Brachial plexus

Answer 31

C5-T1 anterior rami | Upper limb

Question 32

Lumbar plexus

Answer 32

L1-L4 anterior rami | Lower limb

Question 33

Sacral Plexus

Answer 33

L5-S4 anterior rami | Lower limb, gluteal region, perineum

Question 34

Sympathetic outflow exits spinal cord at...?

Answer 34

T1-L2

Question 35

Parasympathetic outflow exits at...?

Answer 35

CN III, VII, IX & X | Sacral spinal nerves

Question 36

Subdivisions of Nervous System

Answer 36

``` Somatic = Soma and external environment Autonomic = Visceral motor system (organs) and internal environment ```

Question 37

Define efferent and afferent

Answer 37

``` Efferent = Motor. Brain to body Afferent = Sensory. Body to brain ```

Question 38

Sensory innervation

Answer 38

Soma = Somatic sensory Organs = Visceral afferent Special sense organs = Special sensory

Question 39

Motor innervation

Answer 39

Soma = Somatic motor Organs = Sympathetic and parasympathetic Special sense organs = Sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 40

Somatic Sensation

Answer 40

Somatic sensory mechanoreceptors stimulated APs conduct along axons to anterior ramus, dorsal root ganglion, POSTERIOR roots and rootlets and arrive at posterior horn. APs synapse, cross over midline and ascend to the brain

Question 41

Motor Innervation

Answer 41

Somatic motor axons cross brainstem and descend to anterior horn APs conducted along axons within ANTERIOR rootlets, roots then into spinal nerves APs travel along nerves and synapse onto skeletal muscle

Question 42

Spinal reflexes

Answer 42

Sensation signal > Axon > Spinal nerve > Posterior roots > Posterior rootlets > Synapse across grey matter > Motor signal > Anterior rootlets > Anterior roots > Spinal nerve > Axon > Reflex reaction

Question 43

Motor Pathology

Answer 43

Upper motor neurone lesion = Opposite side from movement Lower motor neurone lesion = Same side as movement

Question 44

Define paralysis

Answer 44

A muscle without a functioning lower motor neurone. the muscle cannot contract. The muscle would have decreased tone

Question 45

Define spasticity

Answer 45

A muscle with an intact and functioning lower motor neurone. Descending controls of the brain do not work. Muscle would have increased tone

Question 46

Sympathetic Division of ANS

Answer 46

Supplies: internal organs, body wall organs and arterioles. Fight or flight

Question 47

Parasympathetic Division of ANS

Answer 47

Supply internal organs ONLY | Rest and digest