Anatomy (Netter’s) Flashcards
(20 cards)
A radiologist is examining a computer-generated series of MR scans in the frontal plane. Which of the following terms is synonymous with the frontal plane?
A. Axial
B. Coronal
C. Cross section
D. Sagittal
E. Transverse
B. Coronal
Clinically, the bones can be classified by their shape. Which of the following shapes is used to define the patella (kneecap)?
A. Flat
B. Irregular
C. Long
D. Sesamoid
E. Short
D. Sesamoid
Long bones are responsible for most of our height. Which of the following portions of the long bone is most important in lengthening the bone?
A. Diaphysis
B. Epiphysis
C. Epiphysial plate
D. Metaphysis
E. Shaft
C. Epihysial plate
An elderly woman falls and fractures her femoral neck (“breaks her hip”). Which of the following type of synovial joints was involved in the fracture?
A. Ball-and-socket (spheroid)
B. Condyloid (ellipsoid)
C. Hinge (ginglymus)
D. Plane (gliding)
E. Saddle (biaxial
A. Ball-and-socket (spheroid)
When examining your musculoskeletal system, the orthopedist may check the strength of a contracting muscle at a joint. As this is done, another muscle relaxes and would be designated by which of the following terms?
A. Agonist
B. Antagonist
C. Extensor
D. Fixator
E. Synergist
B. Antagonist
During cardiac catheterization, the physician watches the blood flow from the right ventricle into which of the following vessels?
A. Aorta
B. Coronary arteries
C. Inferior vena cava
D. Pulmonary trunk
E. Superior vena cava
D. Pulmonary trunk
The lymphatic and immune systems are vitally important in defense of the body. Most of the lymph ultimately drains back into the venous system by which of the following structures?
A. Arachnoid granulations
B. Choroid plexus
C. Cisterna chyli
D. Right lymphatic duct
E. Thoracic duct
E. Thoracic duct
A patient experiencing a central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory process will be activating which of the following phagocytic glial cells?
A. Astrocytes
B. Ependymal cells
C. Microglia
D. Oligodendrocytes
E. Schwann cells
C. Microglia
The brain and spinal cord are surrounded by membranous connective tissue layers. The pain associated with most CNS inflammatory processes is mediated by sensory nerves in which of these tissue layers?
A. Arachnoid mater
B. Dura mater
C. Endoneurium
D. Ependyma
E. Pia mater
B. Dura mater
A neurologist is concerned about a patient’s inability to walk without a distinct limp (movement disorder). Which of the following portions of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) will the neurologist examine first?
A. Autonomic
B. Enteric
C. Myenteric
D. Somatic
E. Submucosal
D. Somatic
In response to a perceived threat of danger,
which of the following PNS components will
be globally activated?
A. Enteric
B. Parasympathetic
C. Postganglionic
D. Preganglionic
E. Sympathetic
E. Sympathetic
In designing a novel pharmaceutical agonist for use in controlling blood pressure, the scientists must be cognizant of which of the following distinguishing features of the autonomic nervous system?
A. It is a one-neuron efferent system.
B. It is a two-neuron efferent system.
C. It is associated with 10 cranial nerves.
D. It releases only neuropeptides as transmitters.
E. It releases only norepinephrine as a
transmitter.
B. It is a two-neuron efferent system.
A kidney stone becomes lodged in the portion of the urinary system between the kidney and bladder. In which of the following structures will the stone be found?
A. Bile duct
B. Oviduct
C. Thoracic duct
D. Ureter
E. Urethra
D. Ureter
A patient has difficulty digesting fats (e.g., french fries) and experiences pain after a heavy meal, which then subsides. Of the following organs of the gastrointestinal tract, which would most likely be the culprit?
A. Colon
B. Gallbladder
C. Pancreas
D. Salivary glands
E. Stomach
B. Gallbladder
A patient who presents with an autoimmune disease characterized by loss of weight, rapid pulse, sweating, shortness of breath, bulging eyes (exophthalmos), and muscle wasting likely has oversecretion of a hormone produced and stored by which endocrine organ?
A. Ovary
B. Pancreas
C. Pineal gland
D. Posterior pituitary gland
E. Thyroid gland
E. Thyroid gland
Bleeding into the pericardial sac would also suggest that blood would be present in which of the following cavities?
A. Abdominal
B. Left pleural
C. Mediastinum
D. Right pleural
E. Vertebral
C. Mediastinum
A congenital defect of the spinal cord occurs during the third week of embryonic development. Which of the following events characterizes this critical period of embryonic development?
A. Blastocyst formation
B. Embryoblast formation
C. Gastrulation
D. Morula formation
E. Zygote formation
C. Gastrulation
Malformation of the primitive heart would most
likely point to a problem with the development
of which embryonic tissue?
A. Amnion
B. Chorion
C. Ectoderm
D. Endoderm
E. Mesoderm
E. Mesoderm
Of the following types of medical imaging approaches, which is the least invasive and least expensive?
A. Computed tomography
B. Magnetic resonance imaging
C. Plain radiograph
D. Positron emission tomography
E. Ultrasound
E. Ultrasound
As an x-ray beam passes through the human
body, which of the following is the correct order
of attenuation of the photons, from greatest to
least attenuation?
A. Bone-fat-lung–soft tissue–water-air
B. Bone-fat–soft tissue–lung-water-air
C. Bone-lung–soft tissue–fat-water-air
D. Bone–soft tissue–lung-fat-water-air
E. Bone–soft tissue–water-fat-lung-air
E. Bone–soft tissue–water-fat-lung-air
