Anatomy, Neuroanatomy, and Physiology of the Speech Mechanism

Question 1

Respiration relies on the muscles of inspiration and expiration. This thick, dome-shaped muscle that separates the abdomen from the thorax is called the
a. sternocleidomastoid
b. levator costarum longis
c. pectoralis major
d. diaphragm

Answer 1

d. diaphragm

Question 2

Which branch of the vagus nerve (X) innervates the cricothyroid muscle?
a. superior laryngeal nerve
b. lateral laryngeal nerve
c. recurrent laryngeal nerve
d. pharyngeal branch

Answer 2

a. superior laryngeal nerve

Question 3

The primary muscle of the lips is the
a. obicularis oris
b. buccinator
c. risorius
d. levator labii superioris

Answer 3

a. obicularis oris

Question 4

The neurons that transmit information away from the brain are called
a. afferent neurons
b. efferent neurons
c. primary neurons
d. peripheral neurons

Answer 4

b. efferent neurons

Question 5

An important structure adjunct to the brainstem that contains the hypothalamus (which controls emotions) and the thalamus (which relays sensory impulses to the various portions of the cerebral cortex) is called the
a. mesencephalon
b. diencephalon
c. superior cerebellar penduncle
d. postcentral gyrus

Answer 5

b. diencephalon

Question 6

The corpus striatum is composed of 3 nuclear masses, which are the
a. globus pallidus, caudate nucleus, and putamen
b. putamen, caudate nucleus, and basal ganglia
c. supramarginal gyrus, angular gyrus, and putamen
d. substantia nigra, angular gyrus, and global pallidus

Answer 6

a. globus pallidus, caudate nucleus, and putamen

Question 7

The structure that regulates body posture, equilibrium, and coordinated fine motor movements is the
a. angular gyrus
b. corticospinal tract
c. circle of Willis
d. cerebellum

Answer 7

d. cerebellum

Question 8

The anterior cerebral artery supplies blood to the
a. corpus callosum and basal ganglia
b. corpus striatum
c. caudate nucleus and globus pallidus
d. lateral surface of the cortex

Answer 8

a. corpus callosum and basal ganglia

Question 9

The laryngopharynx and the oropharynx add resonance to sounds produced by the larynx. The nasopharynx adds noticeable resonance to which sounds?
a. k, g, t, d
b. r, l, y
c. f, sh, s
d. m, n, ng

Answer 9

d. m, n, ng

Question 10

These are composed of rings of connective tissue and muscle extending from the tips of the arytenoid cartilages to the epiglottis. They separate the laryngeal vestibule from the pharynx and help preserve the airway:
a. ventricular folds
b. true vocal folds
c. lamina propria
d. aryepiglottic folds

Answer 10

d. aryepiglottic folds

Question 11

The cranial nerve that innervates the larynx and also innervates the levator veli palatini, palatoglossus, and palatopharyngeus muscles is:
a. X (vagus)
b. V (trigeminal)
c. XI (spinal accessory)
d. VII (facial)

Answer 11

a. X (vagus)

Question 12

Muscles that contribute to the velopharyngeal closure through tensing or elevating the velum are the
a. levator veli palatini, tensor veli palatini, and salpingopharyngeus
b. stylophayrngeus, salpingopharyngeus, and levator veli palatini
c. levator veli palatini, genioglossus, and salpingopharyngeus
d. palatoglossus, tensor veli palatini, and levator veli palatini

Answer 12

d. palatoglossus, tensor veli palatini, and levator veli palatini

Question 13

The structure at the inferior portion of the tongue that connects the tongue with the mandible is called the
a. dorsum
b. root
c. blade
d. lingual frenum

Answer 13

d. lingual frenum

Question 14

When a person is producing voiced and voiceless /th/, the muscle that is most involved is the
a. palatopharyngeus
b. sternocleidomastoid
c. genioglossus
d. styloglossus

Answer 14

c. genioglossus

Question 15

Which muscles from the list below are most involved in adducting the vocal folds?
a. lateral crioarytenoids and transvere arytenoid
b. digastrics
c. cricothyroids
d. posterior cricoarytenoids

Answer 15

a. lateral crioarytenoids and transvere arytenoid