Anatomy of Back

Question 1

Why does movement of joints occur?

Answer 1

Due to muscle moving 1 bone relative to another

Question 2

Muscles only___

Answer 2

Contract

Question 3

Define tendon

Answer 3

Fibrous CT connecting muscle to bone
Used for motion

Question 4

Define ligament

Answer 4

Fibrous CT connecting bone to bone
For stabilization

Question 5

Define origin

Answer 5

The area where the muscle moves the least during action

Question 6

Origin is typically located proximal or distal in limbs?

Answer 6

Proximal

Question 7

Define insertion

Answer 7

The area where muscle moves the most during action

Question 8

A muscle must ___ a joint to have an action at that joint

Answer 8

Cross

Question 9

Can muscles cross more than 1 joint?

Answer 9

Yes

Question 10

What’s the strongest muscle in the body?

Answer 10

Tongue

Question 11

Define action, agonist, and synergist

Answer 11

Action - functional movement produced by the contraction of a muscle
Agonist - primary muscle to produce a motion
Synergist - contract to assist the agonist

Question 12

Define innervation

Answer 12

Specific nerve that elicits contraction

Question 13

Flexion and extension occurs on what plane?

Answer 13

Sagittal plane

Question 14

Abduction and addiction occur on what plane?

Answer 14

Coronal plane

Question 15

Medial and lateral rotation occurs where?

Answer 15

Along the long axis of the limb or neck

Question 16

Functions of the vertebral column

Answer 16

• Protects the spinal cord
• Upright posture
• Shock absorption
• Muscle attachment
• Motor/sensory innervation support

Question 17

What’re the segments of the vertebral column?

Answer 17

7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
4 coccygeal

Question 18

Functions of cervical region

Answer 18

Flexion, extension, lateral Flexion and rotation

Question 19

C1 and C2 of cervical column names and description

Answer 19

C1 - atlas
Holds skull up and most superior
No vertebral body so fused with C2

C2 - axis

Question 20

Function of thoracic region

Answer 20

Support for ribs
- limited motion

Question 21

Primary curve regions of the spine

Answer 21

Thoracic and sacral

Question 22

Secondary curves location on the spine

Answer 22

Lumbar and cervical

Question 23

Describe scoliosis

Answer 23

Lateral curved spine
Occurs in coronal plane

Question 24

Describe kyphosis

Answer 24

Excess anterior curvature of head and spine

Question 25

Describe lordosis

Answer 25

Excess lumbar curvature

Question 26

What does the Cervical region vertebra consist of?

Answer 26

- Small vertebral body - Bifid Transverse foremen - transverse process - Bifid Spinous process - Superior articulate facet - Superior vertebral notch - Superior & inferior articulate process - Corpus (body)

Question 27

What does the thoracic region vertebra consist of?

Answer 27

- Ribs facets - Corpus (body) - Spinous process project inferiority (looks like giraffe head) - Corpus (body) - Superior articulate facet - Inferior & inferior articular process - Superior vertebral notch

Question 28

What does the lumbar region of the vertebra consist of?

Answer 28

- short spinous process (projects posteriorly ) - large vertebral body - Superior & inferior articulate facet - Inferior articulate facet - Superior costal facet

Question 29

Superior vertebral notch and inferior vertebral notch come together to form a ___ in the vertebra

Answer 29

Vertebral Foramen

Question 30

Outer and inner layers of the intervertebral discs

Answer 30

- Outer = annulus fibrosis - Inner = nucleus pulposis

Question 31

Spinal nerves pass through the

Answer 31

Intervertebral foramen

Question 32

Superficial layer of the back function and what’s it innervated by?

Answer 32

Move/stabilize brachium Innervated - branches of VPR’s and CN XI

Question 33

Intermediate layer of the back function and what’s It innervated by?

Answer 33

Move/stabilize ribs Innervated by branches of VPR’s

Question 34

Deep muscle function and what’s it innervated by?

Answer 34

Move/stabilize trunk Innervated by DPR’s

Question 35

Function, origin and insertion of the trapezius

Answer 35

- Function = elevate, adduct (retract), and depress scapula - Origin = spinous process (C7-T12), extended occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament (Neck) - Insertion = lateral 1/3 clavicle, medial acromion (neck),spine scapula

Question 36

Latissimus dorsi function, insertion, and origin

Answer 36

Function = extend, adduct, medially rotate humerus Insertion = intertubercular humerus Origin = spinous process (T7-L5), thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest of pelvis

Question 37

Function, origin and insertion of levator scapulae

Answer 37

Function - elevates scapula Origin - transverse process (C1-C4) Insertion - medial scapular border

Question 38

Function, insertion and origin of rhomboid major and minor

Answer 38

Function - retract/rotate scapula Origin - spinous process Insertion - medial scapular border

Question 39

Function, origin, and insertion of Serratus posterior superior and inferior

Answer 39

Function - assist w/ respiration Origin - lateral spinous process (superior is from spinal column to ribs and inferior is from Lumbar to ribs) Insertion - ribs

Question 40

What are the deep back muscles of the neck

Answer 40

Splenius capitis and semisplenalis capitis

Question 41

Function of splenius capitis

Answer 41

Extends the neck

Question 42

In the Deep back muscles, what are the superficial extensors (also called erector spinae)

Answer 42

Iliocostalis Longissimus Spinalis

Question 43

In the Deep back muscle, what are the transversospinalis muscles

Answer 43

Multifidi Rotators

Question 44

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is an example of which type of joint?

Answer 44

Synovial

Question 45

Function of the iliocostalis

Answer 45

Helps extend spine

Question 46

Trapezius is innervated by

Answer 46

CN XI

Question 47

Latissimus dorsi is inervated by

Answer 47

Thoracodorsal nerve

Question 48

Levator scapulae and rhomboid major/minor are innervated by

Answer 48

Dorsal scapular nerve

Question 49

Serratus posterior superior and serratus posterior inferior are innervated by

Answer 49

VPR