Anatomy of Basal Ganglia and Cerebellum, and Control of Movement Flashcards
(26 cards)
Which is the only type of sensory information that can access the cortex without passing by the thalamus first?
Olfactory.
What are the lobes of the cerebellum?
Anterior lobe
Posterior lobe
Flocculonodular lobe
Where in the skull can the cerebellum be found?
Posteror cranial fossa
What are the structures which anchor the cerebellum to the brainstem?
Peduncles - superior, middle (biggest) and inferior.
What is the name of the area between the two sides of the cerebellum?
Vermis
What are the 3 layers of the cerebellar cortex?
Molecular layer (outer) Purkinje Cell layer (middle) Granular layer (inner)
Which cells of the cerebellum communicate with the brain to co-ordinat movement? (output)
Purkinje Cells
What are the inputs to the cerebellum?
1) Spinal cord - proprioceptors, pressure re captors
2) Cerebral cortex
3) Vestibular apparatus
What type of spinal tract does the cerebellum influence?
Motor
Each cerebral hemisphere influences which side of the body?
Ipsilateral
What does the midline of the cerebellum control?
Posture
Where can the basal ganglia be found?
Base of each cerebral hemisphere
What are the functions of the basal ganglia?
1) Facilitate purposeful movement
2) Inhibit unwanted movement
3) Posture & muscle tone
At its very basis - what are the 5 subsections of the basal ganglia?
1) Caudate nucleus
2) Putamen
3) Globus Pallidus
4) Subthalamic nucleus
5) Substantia Nigra
What is the basal ganglia?
A number of masses of grey matter.
What is the striatum?
The caudate nucleus and putamen together.
What is the lenticular nucleus?
The putamen and the globus pallidus together.
What is the corpus striatum?
The caudate nucleus, putamen and globes pallidus together.
Where is the substantial nigra located?
Midbrain
What is the name for the disease causing degeneration of the dopaminergic neurone of the substantia nigra?
Parkinson’s Disease
What is the outcome of the direct pathway in the basal ganglia?
Enhancement of desired movement
What is the outcome of the indirect pathway in the basal ganglia?
Suppression of unwanted movement
Each basal ganglia corresponds to which side of the body?
Contralateral
What are the symptoms of a basal ganglia lesion?
Change in muscle tone, tremor, myoclonus (muscle jerks)
