anatomy of CNS

Question 1

where and what the grey and white matter of the brain is and does.

Answer 1

grey matter= outisde the brain (cell bodies of neurons)
white matter= inside the brain (myleinated axons)

(opposite to spinal cord)

Question 2

what is the 3 lobes in the cerebellum ‘little brain’

Answer 2

1) anterior
2) posteroir
3) flocculondodular lobe

Question 3

what is the purpose of the CSF surrounding 4 cavities within ventricular system.
and what is the CSF produced by

Answer 3

-CSF acts as a shock absober
-it is produced by choroid plexus

Question 3

what 3 membranes is the CNS protected by

Answer 3

meninges

Question 4

what is the function of the CNS 3 meninges
1) dura mater (outer layer)
2) arachnoid (middle layer) what is subarachnoid space?
3) pia mater (inner layer)

Answer 4

1) thick, tough layer. attacked to skull
2) thin, web like structure. has subarachnoid space between arachnoid and pia which is filled with CSF.
3) thin layer covering brain and spinal cord (CSF)

Question 5

neurons can be classified in 5 groups based on there structural features
1) number of neurites (axons and dendrites)
2) dendritic tree structure (pyramindal or stellate) , (spiny or aspinous)
3) axon length (prjection or local circuit neurons)
4) neurotransmitters released at synaspe e.g. cholinergic
5) connections (sensory neurons, afferent)
(interneuorns)
(motorneurons, efferent)

Question 6

4 types of neurites based on the total number of neurite extending from the cell body:

Answer 6

unipolar
bipolar (found in sensory areas) (one axon and one dendrite)
pseudounipolar - dorsal root ganglia
multipolar (most common in CNS)

Question 7

two types of dendritic tree structure

Answer 7

1) pyramidal (spiny dendrites)
2) stellate (star shaped)

Question 8

axon length
-projection neuron
-local circuit neuron

Answer 8

-long axons
e.g. pyramindal cells

-short axons
e.g. stellate cells

Question 9

neurons based on three types of connections

Answer 9

1) sensory (afferent) neurons
2) interneuorons
3) motor effectent) neurons

Question 10

spinal roots connects the CNS and PNS
-where does sensory neuron enter CNS
-where does motor neuron exit CNS
-where does afferent and efferent nerve fibres travel together

Answer 10

-dorsal root
-ventral root
travel together in mixed spinal nerves

Question 11

role of dorsal horn and ventral horn in spinal cord

Answer 11

-processes sensory information
-processes motor information

Question 12

two types of surface features of mammilain brains
1) Lissencephalic
2) Gyrencephalic

Answer 12

1) smooth (rat/ rabbit)
2) grooved (humans/ dolphins)

Question 13

in the brainstem what are these components responsible for ?
1) midbrain
2) pons
3) medulla oblongata

Answer 13

1) hearing/ motor control
2) respiritory control
3) blood pressure control/ vomiting

Question 14

different segments of spinal nerves
1) cervical
2) thoracic
3) lumbar
4) sacral
5) coccygeal

Answer 14

1) C1-C8
2) T1-T12
3) l1-L5
4) S1-S5
5) Co