Anatomy of Lower Leg, Ankle & Foot

Question 1

What functions does the ankle joint perform?

Answer 1

• Weight bearing
• Walking

Question 2

What type of joint is the ankle joint?

Answer 2

Hinge Synovial joint

Question 3

Which bones form the articulating surface of the ankle joint?

Answer 3

Distal Tibia & Fibula

Upper part of Talus

Question 4

What are the 2 bony landmarks associated with the ankle joint that are located on the outer surfaces of the Tibia and Fibula?

Answer 4

Medial & Lateral Malleolus

Question 5

During which movement is the ankle joint the strongest?

Answer 5

Dorsiflexion

Question 6

During which movement is the ankle joint the most unstable?

Answer 6

Plantar flexion

Question 7

What structures support the stability of the ankle joint?

Answer 7

Fibrous capsule

Medial ligament (deltoid shape)

Lateral ligament (3 of them)

Question 8

Which anle ligament is the strongest?

Answer 8

Medial ligament

Question 9

During which movement of the ankle does the medial ligament stabilise the ankle joint?

Answer 9

Eversion

Question 10

Which ligament is most commonly involved in ankle injuries?

Answer 10

Lateral ligament

Question 11

During which movement of the ankle does the lateral ligament help to stabilise the ankle joint?

Answer 11

Inversion

Question 12

Which muscles are involved in the dorsiflexion of the ankle joint?

Answer 12

Tibialis Anterior (4)

Extensor digitorum longus (5)

Extensor hallucis longus (12)

Question 13

Which muscle are involved in plantar flexion at the ankle joint?

Answer 13

Gastrocnemius (16)

Soleus (17)

Tibialis posterior (6-1)

Flexor Hallucis longus (6-3)

Flexor digitorum longus (6-2)

Question 14

Are ankle sprains a form of inversion or eversion injury?

Answer 14

Inversion

Question 15

What is a Pott fracture?

Answer 15

Dislocation of ankle

Question 16

What is a footballers ankle?

Answer 16

Repeated strain on the anterior capsule

Question 17

What is the cause of Tarsal tunnel syndrome?

Answer 17

Tibial nerve compression

Question 18

What is the function of the foot?

Answer 18

Support the body whilst standing

Progression

Question 19

What are the 3 categories of bones within the foot?

Answer 19

Tarsals

Metatarsals

Phalanges

Question 20

At which joints in the foot do movements of inversion and eversion occur?

Answer 20

Subtalar joint

Transverse Tarsal joint

Question 21

Which muscles are invertors of the foot?

Answer 21

Tibialis anterior & posterior

Question 22

Which muscles are evertors of the foot?

Answer 22

Fibularis longus & brevis

Question 23

What are the functions of the arches of the foot?

Answer 23

• Shock absorbers
• Distribute weight over the foot
• Act as springboards during walking, running, jumping

Question 24

What are the two aspects of the longitudinal foot arch?

Answer 24

Medial

Lateral

Question 25

Which of the longitudinal arches is higher and more important for stability?

Answer 25

Medial arch

Question 26

How is the integrity of the foot arches maintained?

Answer 26

1 - Plantar aponeurosis

2 - Long and short plantar ligaments

3 - Spring ligament

Question 27

In which patient groups are flat feet common?

Answer 27

Children (< 3 y.o.)

Elderly

Question 28

Dysfunction of which muscle results in flat feet?

Answer 28

Tibialis posterior

Question 29

What is the cause of a high arched foot?

Answer 29

Congenital