Anatomy of sense organs

Question 1

What frequency does base of cochlea pick up?

Answer 1

high frequency sounds

Question 2

The only cells that leave the retina to form the optic nerve are?

Answer 2

ganglion cells

Question 3

Name the cells whose axons from the olfactory bulb in the olfactory tract.

Answer 3

mitral cells

Question 4

Name the two structures that are contained in the vestibule.

Answer 4

utricle, saccule

Question 5

What are the three layers of the orbits and what contents do they include?

Answer 5

fibrous layer (sclera, cornea), vascular layer (choroid, ciliary body, iris), retina

Question 6

Name the structure that separates the external acoustic meatus from the tympanic cavity of the middle ear, and is responsible for the transmission of vibrations to the ossicles.

Answer 6

tympanic membrane

Question 7

The orientation of the semicircular canals within the inner ear are in what three directions?

Answer 7

anterior, posterior, and lateral directions

Question 8

What is the role of the perilymph and the endolymph with the membranous labyrinth?

Answer 8

carry sound waves

Question 9

Name the two types of papillae that have very few taste buds and are smaller than vallate papillae. These structures are found on the tip and sides of the tongue.

Answer 9

fungiform (mushroom-like) papillae and foliate papillae

Question 10

Name the nerve that enters the internal acoustic meatus and separates into two other branches?

Answer 10

CN VIII

Question 11

Which cells serve as connections between the rods and cones from differing areas of the retina?

Answer 11

horizontal cells

Question 12

What is the name of the structure that is insensitive to light and contains no photoreceptors. It is located in a depressed region in the fundus of the eye.

Answer 12

optic disk

Question 13

Within the macula lutea is a depression where visual acuity is the highest. Name this structure.

Answer 13

fovea

Question 14

Name the structures that are modified epithelial cells and are located on top of the papillae of the tongue.

Answer 14

taste buds

Question 15

What two types of lymph fluid are found within the membranous labyrinth?

Answer 15

endolymph, perilymph

Question 16

What is the name of the opaque covering that posteriorly covers 5/6ths of the eyeball and anteriorly covers 1/6th?

Answer 16

sclera

Question 17

Name the cranial nerve that is the chief motor nerve for the four extraocular muscles of the upper eyelid.

Answer 17

CN III

Question 18

The cochlea contains which organ for hearing?

Answer 18

organ of corti

Question 19

Which structures transmit vibrations to the oval window?

Answer 19

ossicles

Question 20

What is the function of the ciliary body of the eye?

Answer 20

connect the choroid with the circumference of the iris

Question 21

The detection of luminance is the function of which cells?

Answer 21

bipolar cells

Question 22

What part of the cochlea picks up low frequency sound?

Answer 22

the apex

Question 23

The peripheral processes of the vestibular fibers from CN VIII go to which three structures?

Answer 23

utricle, saccule, semicircular ducts

Question 24

What are the utricle and saccule responsible for?

Answer 24

balance

Question 25

Name the six main types of cells located in the retina.

Answer 25

rods, cones, bipolar, horizontal, amarcrine, ganglion

Question 26

Name the brown membrane between the retina and sclera.

Answer 26

choroid

Question 27

Name the structure that connects the tympanic cavity to the nasopharynx and is responsible for equalizing changes in atmospheric pressure.

Answer 27

eustachian tube

Question 28

The peripheral processes of the cochlear fibers of CN VIII go to which structure?

Answer 28

organ of corti

Question 29

What is the differences between aqueous humor and vitreous humor regarding location and function?

Answer 29

aqueous humor (located in the anterior, posterior chamber produced by ciliary processes; provides the lens and cornea with nutrients) vitreous humor (inside the vitreous body located posterior to the lens; aids in the transmission of light, supports lens, stabilizes the retina in place)

Question 30

Is anosmia associated with an ipsilateral or a contralateral lesion?

Answer 30

ipsilateral

Question 31

The olfactory receptors are which type of receptor?

Answer 31

chemoreceptors

Question 32

Name the three chambers of the eye and the structures in the eye that form the borders of these chambers.

Answer 32

anterior chamber (between iris, cornea), posterior chamber (between lens, iris), vitreous body (posterior to lens)

Question 33

What is the name of the transparent structure covering the anterior 1/6th of the eyeball?

Answer 33

cornea

Question 34

Name the muscles located in the ciliary body that changes the shape of the lens.

Answer 34

ciliary muscles

Question 35

What structure within the macula can perceive the highest level of visual acuity?

Answer 35

fovea

Question 36

Is the lens located anterior or posterior to the vitreous humor of the vitreous body?

Answer 36

anterior

Question 37

What are the four basic taste sensations? Name the corresponding area of the tongue for these taste sensations.

Answer 37

salty (lateral tongue), sweet (tip of tongue), sour and bitter (posterior tongue)

Question 38

Within the retina, which cells have no axons with short branching dendrites?

Answer 38

amacrine cells

Question 39

What is the other name for the vestibule of the inner ear?

Answer 39

bony labyrinth

Question 40

The fibrocartilagenous extension of the head and the external acoustic meatus constitute which structure?

Answer 40

auricle

Question 41

What is the other name for the Eustachian tube?

Answer 41

pharyngotympanic tube

Question 42

Are the bipolar neurons whose central process form the olfactory nerve myelinated or unmyelinated?

Answer 42

unmyelinated

Question 43

Due to the xanthophyll pigment this structure is also called the yellow spot. What is the name of this structure and where is it located?

Answer 43

macula lutea located temporal and inferior to the optic disc and contains cones for visual acuity

Question 44

The membranous labyrinth contains endolymph. It is suspended within the bony labyrinth by which other type of lymph fluid?

Answer 44

perilymph

Question 45

Name the cells that detect color and are primarily used for daytime vision.

Answer 45

cones

Question 46

Name the structure that is involved in the refraction of light and gets its nourishment from the aqueous humor, atmospheric oxygen and tears?

Answer 46

cornea

Question 47

Name the passage leading inward through the tympanic portion of the temporal bone that goes from the auricle to the tympanic membrane.

Answer 47

external acoustic meatus

Question 48

The optic nerve is formed by the axons of which type of ganglion cells?

Answer 48

retinal ganglion cells

Question 49

Which structure anchors the lens to the ciliary body and helps the lens to focus?

Answer 49

suspensory ligament

Question 50

Name the three ossicles.

Answer 50

malleus, incus, stapes

Question 51

Besides vallate papillae, name the other three papillae found on the tongue.

Answer 51

fungiform, foliate, filiform papillae

Question 52

Name the components of bony labyrinth.

Answer 52

cochlea, vestibule, semicircular canals

Question 53

Which cells within the retina are dependent on vitamin A and are primarily used for night vision?

Answer 53

rods

Question 54

Approximately 3 mm medial to the fovea is a structure where the axons of ganglionic cells converge to form the optic nerve. What is the name of this structure?

Answer 54

optic disk