anatomy of the articulatory system Flashcards
(48 cards)
Articulation
Joining Two Things Together
Articulatory system
•mobile and immobile structures brought into contact with each other to change shape of vocal tract
•PHONEMES
Changes in the shape of the vocal tract produce different acoustical outputs
Vocal Tract
•Vocal tract is like a series of linked and pliable tubes or bottles. Air filled chambers such as tubes will have distinct resonant properties based on shape & length of the tube. This is true for vocal tract as well as for musical instruments.
Vocal tract Shape and Length and resonance
•If we change the shape or length of one of the tubes, the resonant properties will change. If we add or subtract a tube (e.g., the nasal cavity), that will have an impact on the resonant characteristics as well.
Resonance
the quality in a sound of being deep, full, and reverberating
mobile articulators
- Tongue
- Lips
- Velum
- Cheeks
- Mandible
- Chest wall
- Pharyngeal walls
- Laryngeal system
Bones of the face
- Mandible
- Maxilla
- Nasal bone
- Palatine bone
- Vomer
- Zygomatic
- Lacrimal
- Hyoid
Bones of the Skull: Mandible
- Lower jaw – a mobile articulator
- corpus (body)
- ramus
- condyle
- coronoid process
- mandibular foramen
- mylohyoid line
- angle
Mandibular
Hypoplasia
“Mandibular” is the anatomical term referring to the lower jaw or jawbone and “hypoplasia” is a medical term that refers to an under development or growth of a part of the body. Mandibular hypoplasia therefore is the incomplete or under-development of the lower jaw
micrognathia
Micrognathism, also called micrognathia, strawberry chin, hypognathia, or hypogthathism, is a condition where the jaw is undersized. It is also sometimes called “Mandibular hypoplasia”.It is common in infants,but is usually self-corrected during growth, due to the jaws’ increasing in size.
immobile articulators
- Alveolar ridge
- Hard palate (i.e., maxilla, palatine bone)
- Teeth
Maxilla
- Maxilla (upper jaw): an immobile articulator
- Fuses medially during embryogenesis
- Anterior 2/3 of hard palate = palatine process of maxilla
Palatine Bone
- Palatine Bone (immobile)
- Posterior 1/3 of hard palate
Palatal Structure
- Hard Palate:
- Bony plate, anterior 2/3 formed by palatine process of maxilla
- Posterior 1/3 consists of palatine bone. Provides stable platform for mobile muscular valve (i.e., velum) located posteriorly
Palatal Development: Clefting
- Occurs when bones of the palate (palatine processes of maxilla, palatine bone) or muscular structures of soft palate fail to join at midline
- Lips and palate fuse from anterior to posterior during embryonic development
- Interruptions in developmental process can disrupt fusion of lips and/or palatal structures
- Occurs when bones of the palate (palatine processes of maxilla, palatine bone) or muscular structures of soft palate fail to join at midline
- Lips and palate fuse from anterior to posterior during embryonic development
- Interruptions in developmental process can disrupt fusion of lips and/or palatal structures
- complete
- unilateral
- bilateral
- cincomplete
- unilateral
- bilateral
- soft palate only
- submucus cleft palate
- occult submucous cleft palate
Vomer
- Unpaired midline bone, rises from floor of nasal cavity
- Forms inferior & posterior nasal septum (cartilage wall)
- Septal cartilage attaches to vomer forming anterior nasal septum
vomer bone (pic)
Zygomatic bone
the cheek bone
Lacrimal
- Extremely small bones
- Almost hidden
- Articulates with the maxilla
- Frontal bone
- Nasal bone
- Inferior nasal conchae
- Lacrimal means tears
Dental Occlusions
Bones of the Cranial Skeleton
