anatomy of the brain

Question 1

what cranial bone is the pituitary gland located in

Answer 1

sphenoid bone
(sella turcica)

Question 2

what is the name of the suture between the frontal bone and 2 parietal bones

Answer 2

coronal suture

Question 3

what is the name of the suture between the 2 parietal bones at top of the head

Answer 3

saggital suture

Question 4

what is the name of the suture between occipital bone and 2 parietal bones

Answer 4

lamboid suture

Question 5

what is the name of there suture between parietal and temporal bone

Answer 5

squamous suture

Question 6

what is the name of the suture between parietal, temporal and occipital bones

Answer 6

occipital mastoid

Question 7

define a fontanelle

Answer 7

membranous gaps that haven’t fused in neonates

Question 8

name the 2 fontanelles

Answer 8

frontal and occipital fontanelles

Question 9

what 3 bones make up the anterior cranial fossa

Answer 9

frontal
ethnic
sphenoid

Question 10

what 3 bones make up the middle cranial fossa

Answer 10

sphenoid
2x temporal bones

Question 11

what 3 bones make up the anterior cranial fossa

Answer 11

occipital
2x parietal

Question 12

describe the cortical association of the frontal lobe

Answer 12

higer intellect, mood, personality, motor function

Question 13

describe the cortical association of the parietal lobe

Answer 13

touch perception and orientation

Question 14

describe the cortical association of the temporal lobe

Answer 14

auditory processing, memory and language

Question 15

describe the cortical association of the occipital lobe

Answer 15

visual processing

Question 16

what are gyri in the brain

Answer 16

ridges of brin tissue

Question 17

what is the location of the primary motor cortex

Answer 17

pre central gyrus

Question 18

what is the location of the primary somatosensory cortex

Answer 18

post central gyrus

Question 19

what is the location of the sound processing cortex

Answer 19

superior temporal gyrus

Question 20

what are Sulci in the brain

Answer 20

grooves or depressions

Question 21

name the 4 main sulci of the brain

Answer 21

longitudinal
central
lateral
lunate

Question 22

what lobes are separated by the central sulci

Answer 22

frontal and pariteal

Question 23

what lobes are separated by the lateral sulci

Answer 23

temporal lobe separated from frontal/ parietal

Question 24

where is the lunate sulci

Answer 24

occipital cortex

Question 25

what is the function of the cerebellum

Answer 25

co-ordination and balance

Question 26

name the 3 parts of the cerebellum

Answer 26

anterior lobe posterior lobe posteriolateral fissure

Question 27

what is the function of the brainstem

Answer 27

autonomic function

Question 28

what are the 3 sections of the brainstem

Answer 28

midbrain pons medulla oblongata

Question 29

what is the function of the limbic system

Answer 29

memory, emotion and autonomic function

Question 30

what is the function of the basal ganglia

Answer 30

refines cortical activity to prevent unwanted or exaggerated movement

Question 31

what are the 4 major structures of the limbic system

Answer 31

thalamus hippocampus basal ganglia amygdala

Question 32

name the 2 main arterial supply of the brain

Answer 32

carotid artery and basilar artery

Question 33

describe how the carotid artery branches in the circle of willis

Answer 33

to anterior and middle cerebral arteries

Question 34

describe how the basilar artery branches in the circle of willis

Answer 34

posterior cerebral arteries

Question 35

what regions of the brain are supplied by anterior cerebral artery

Answer 35

medial section frontal and pariteal lobe

Question 36

what regions of the brain are supplied by medial cerebral artery

Answer 36

lateral section of parietal and temporal lobe

Question 37

what regions of the brain are supplied by posterior cerebral artery

Answer 37

occipital lobe

Question 38

what is the main arterial supply of the cerebellum

Answer 38

cerebellar arteries

Question 39

what is the main arterial supply of the brainstem

Answer 39

branches of basilar artery

Question 40

what is the mechanism that brain controls blood flow called

Answer 40

perfusion pressure

Question 41

describe the arterial response to low blood pressure in the brain

Answer 41

increased CO2 (hyercarbia) so blood vessels dilate

Question 42

describe the arterial response to high blood pressure in the brain

Answer 42

decreased CO2 (hypocarbia) so blood vessels constrict

Question 43

describe the location of duras venous sinuses

Answer 43

between the 2 layers of dura mater (periosteal and meningeal)

Question 44

where do the dural venous sinuses drain into

Answer 44

interjugular vein

Question 45

describe the location of the cavernous and sigmoid sinuses

Answer 45

under frontal lobe

Question 46

how is blood brought to dural venous sinuses

Answer 46

deep and superficial veins

Question 47

what are meninges

Answer 47

membranous coverings of the brain and spinal cord

Question 48

what is the outermost meningeal layer

Answer 48

dura mater

Question 49

name the 2 layers of the dura mater

Answer 49

periosteal and meningeal

Question 50

describe the arachnoid mater

Answer 50

avascular tissue

Question 51

what is the space between dura mater and arachnoid mater called

Answer 51

subdural space

Question 52

what is the space between the arachnoid mater and Pia mater called

Answer 52

subarachnoid space

Question 53

where is the CSF located

Answer 53

subarachnoid space

Question 54

what is the name of the innermost meninges

Answer 54

pia mater

Question 55

where is the CSF produced

Answer 55

choroid plexus by ependymal cells

Question 56

describe the movement of CSF through ventricles of ventricular system

Answer 56

lateral ventricle to third ventricle to fourth ventricle to subarachnoid space

Question 57

how is CSF moved from subarachnoid space to venous sinuses in dura after

Answer 57

arachnoid granulations

Question 58

what is the role of CSF (3)

Answer 58

-transfer medium for nutrients waste and neurotransmitters -cushions brain -ICP regulation

Question 59

where is the blood brain barrier

Answer 59

between blood and brain tissue

Question 60

what is the role of the blood brain barrier

Answer 60

regulate molecule movement in and out of the brain restricts movement of water soluble molecules

Question 61

how many vertebrae bones is there

Answer 61

33

Question 62

what lines the vertebrae bones

Answer 62

hyaline cartilage

Question 63

what are the 2 parts of the fibrocartilage intervertebral disk

Answer 63

nucleus popleus annulus fibrosis

Question 64

describe the natural spine curve

Answer 64

lydosis at cervical spine kyphosis at thoracic spine lydosis at lumbar spine

Question 65

describe the blood supply of the spinal cord/ vertebrae

Answer 65

3 spinal arteries 2x posterior 1x anterior

Question 66

describe the venous drainage of the spinal cord/ vertebrae

Answer 66

6 veins 3x posterior 3x anterior

Question 67

how many spinal chords are in each section of the vertebrae

Answer 67

cervical = 8 thoracic = 12 lumbar = 5 sacral = 5

Question 68

where does the spinal cord taper

Answer 68

L2

Question 69

what is the name of the tapering spinal nerves

Answer 69

conus medullaris

Question 70

where is CSF taken from in lumbar puncture

Answer 70

between L3 and L4

Question 71

what is the function of posterior spinal nerve

Answer 71

sensory

Question 72

what is the function of anterior spinal nerve

Answer 72

motor

Question 73

what is in grey matter

Answer 73

cell bodies

Question 74

what is in white matter

Answer 74

axons

Question 75

what is the consequence of raised ICP

Answer 75

herniation through foramen Magnus

Question 76

what is a precursor of raised ICP

Answer 76

bradycardia hypertension

Question 77

what is the embryological derivative of the CNS

Answer 77

neural tube derived from ectoderm