Anatomy of the CVS 1

Question 1

What structures/organs make up the cardiovascular system?

3 points

Answer 1

Heart
Blood vessels
Lymphatics

Question 2

Name the blood vessels involved in the CVS.

Answer 2

arteries
arterioles
capillaries
venules
veins

Question 3

Veins _____ and ______ blood ___ the heart.

Answer 3

collect
return
to

Question 4

Arteries _______ blood _____ the heart.

Answer 4

distribute

from

Question 5

Lymphatics _____ _______ extracellular fluid _____ tissue.

Answer 5

drain excess

from

Question 6

The heart is located in the ________ mediastinum.

Answer 6

middle

Question 7

The superior and inferior mediastinum connect at the ________ _________ at T____.

Answer 7

sternal angle

4

Question 8

Name the two main circulations in the CVS?

Answer 8

Pulmonary

Systemic

Question 9

What other circulatory systems are involved in the CVS other than the two main ones?

2 points

Answer 9

Hepatic portal circulation

Lymphatic system

Question 10

How would you describe the circulation between the gut and liver?

Answer 10

in series

Question 11

Name the great vessels of the heart.

Answer 11

superior/inferior vena cava
aorta
pulmonary trunk (arteries)
pulmonary veins (2L/2R)

Question 12

The left atrium is also known as the ________.

Answer 12

base

Question 13

Which heart chamber is the apex at?

Answer 13

left ventricle

Question 14

The mediastinum is the area of thoracic cavity between the ________ ________.

Answer 14

pleural sacs

Question 15

The heart lies between vertebrae T____ and T_____ in recumbent position.

Answer 15

T5

T8

Question 16

The apex is located at the _____ intercostal space in the __________ line.

Answer 16

5th

midclavicular

Question 17

Which heart chamber lies posterior most?

Which structure does it lie anterior too?

Answer 17

Left atrium (base)

Eosophagus

Question 18

The heart attaches inferiorly with the ______.

Answer 18

central tendon of diaphragm

Question 19

Which structures lies posterior to the heart?

3 points

Answer 19

oesophagus
T5-T8
descending aorta

Question 20

Outline the layers of the heart, starting from innermost.

Answer 20

• endocardium
• myocardium
• epicardium
• pericardial cavity
• parietal layer of serous pericardium
• fibrous pericardium

Question 21

Describe the endocardium layer, starting from innermost.

Answer 21

• epithelium
• basement membrane
• connective tissue

Question 22

What is contained within the myocardium?

Answer 22

cardiac muscle

Question 23

Describe the epicardium layer, starting from innermost.

Answer 23

• connective tissue
• BM
• epithelium

Question 24

Describe the epithelial layer of the epicardium.

What is this layer also known as?

Answer 24

Simple squamous epithelium

Visceral layer of serous pericardium

Question 25

Which layer of the heart wall forms heart valves?

Answer 25

Endocardium

Question 26

What is the name given to cells which make up cardiac muscle?

Answer 26

myocytes

Question 27

Intercalated discs are __________ structures containing ____________.

Answer 27

anchoring | gap junctions/desmosomes

Question 28

Cardiac muscle cells are ________ striated, _____ing, ____________ cells, which connect by means of ____________ to form a functional network.

Answer 28

faintly branching mononucleated intercalated discs

Question 29

The AP travels through all cells connected together forming a __________ _________ in which cells __________ as a unit.

Answer 29

``` function syncytium function ```

Question 30

In which layer are the main branches of coronary arteries?

Answer 30

epicardium

Question 31

What other tissue type may be found around the coronary artery branches?

Answer 31

fat

Question 32

Name the four chambers of the heart in the order that blood travels through.

Answer 32

Right atrium Right ventricle Left atrium Left ventricle

Question 33

Which structures control the direction of blood flow?

Answer 33

heart valves

Question 34

What are the names given to the thin structures derived from endocardium in heart valves?

Answer 34

cusps

Question 35

________ _________ and ________ muscles prevent valve failure.

Answer 35

chordae tendineae | papillary

Question 36

What is the clinical term for the narrowing of the heart valves?

Answer 36

stenosis

Question 37

What is the clinical term for the widening of the heart valves?

Answer 37

incompetence

Question 38

What is a common infection which can affect the heart valves?

Answer 38

bacterial endocarditis

Question 39

Name the four heart valves in the order that blood would pass through them.

Answer 39

tricuspid valve pulmonary valve mitral valve aortic valve

Question 40

What is another name for the tricuspid and mitral valves?

Answer 40

right atrioventricular valve | left atrioventricular valve

Question 41

What is another name for the mitral valve, relating to its cusps?

Answer 41

bicuspid valve

Question 42

The aortic and pulmonary valves are the _________ valves, each having _____ cusps.

Answer 42

semilunar | 3

Question 43

What is clinical term given for the narrowing of the aortic valve?

Answer 43

aortic stenosis

Question 44

Failure of the aortic valve to close tightly causes ________ of ______ into the ______.

Answer 44

back flow blood left ventricle

Question 45

Outline the two main functions of the fibrous cardiac skeleton.

Answer 45

Structural support | Electrical insulation

Question 46

The fibrous cardiac skeleton is composed of _______ _______ _______.

Answer 46

dense connective tissue

Question 47

The fibrous cardiac skeleton lies in which plane?

Answer 47

between the atria and ventricles

Question 48

In which ways does the fibrous cardiac skeleton provide structural support? 4 points

Answer 48

atrioventricular septum roots for great vessels anchorage for valves myocytes network

Question 49

In which ways does the fibrous cardiac skeleton provide electrical insulation? 2 points

Answer 49

Insulation between atria and ventricles. Insulation between myocardium and great vessels.

Question 50

At systole, which configuration is the aortic valve in? What state are the aortic sinuses at this point?

Answer 50

open shielded

Question 51

At diastole, which configuration is the aortic valve in? What state are the aortic sinuses at this point?

Answer 51

closed open - blood enters coronary arteries

Question 52

At diastole, myocardium ________ and blood ___________.

Answer 52

relaxes | flows into the capillaries

Question 53

What does occlusion of the coronary arteries lead to?

Answer 53

myocardial infarction

Question 54

What holds the heart in place?

Answer 54

It hangs by great vessels within fibrous pericardium. It is also attached inferiorly to the central tendon of the diaphragm.

Question 55

The ______ layer of the serous pericardium is bound to the heart. This is known as the _______.

Answer 55

visceral | epicardium

Question 56

The ______ layer is on the most lateral and is bound to the _______ _________.

Answer 56

parietal | fibrous pericardium