Anatomy of the CVS 2

Question 1

What does the structure of a blood vessel consist of, starting from innermost?

Answer 1

tunica extrena
tunica media
tunica intima

Question 2

Heart & blood vessel are _______: Heart is really an expanded, folded, _________ blood vessel

Answer 2

similar

muscular

Question 3

If we are to say the heart and blood vessels are similar in structure, which would each layer in the heart wall correspond to in blood vessel?

Answer 3

Endocardium = tunica intima 
Myocardium = tunica media
Epicardium = tunica externa

Question 4

Arteries have a ________ diameter than accompanying vein.

Answer 4

smaller

Question 5

Veins have a ________ wall than accompanying artery.

Answer 5

thinner

Question 6

Arteries have a thick tunica ________, and a thin tunica _________.

Answer 6

media

externa

Question 7

Veins have a thick tunica ________, and a thin tunica _________.

Answer 7

externa

media

Question 8

Individual diameters arteries are _____ ______ arterioles.

Answer 8

greater than

Question 9

Total cross sectional area of arteries are _______ _______ arterioles.

Answer 9

less than (there are thousands of arterioles)

Question 10

What are the three types of arteries?

Give example of each?

Answer 10

Elastic - aorta, common carotid

Muscular - femoral, coronary

Arterioles - terminal branches supplying blood to capillary bed (the taps).

Question 11

Elastic arteries (e.g. aorta) can be thought of as a ________ reservoir.

Answer 11

pressure

Question 12

What happens to the aorta during systole?

Answer 12

It is stretched, and it stores this energy in the tunica media.

Question 13

During diastole the heart ______, pressure ________, the artery recoils thereby ________ ________ on the blood.

Answer 13

relaxes
falls
maintaining pressure

Question 14

In elastic arteries, the recoil and stretchability is due to presence of extensive amounts of ______ _______ in the tunica ______ in the form of layers = _______.

Answer 14

elastic fibres
media
laminae

Question 15

The elastic fibres are secreted by the _______ ________ cells.

Answer 15

smooth muscle

Question 16

Muscular arteries control __________ of blood to regions.

Answer 16

distribution

Question 17

In muscular arteries, the ______ tunica media has ________ _________ cells.

Answer 17

thick

smooth muscle

Question 18

In muscular arteries, what is not present between muscle cells in the tunica media?

Answer 18

elastic fibres (elastic laminae)

Question 19

Where are the elastic fibres concentrated in muscular arteries.

Answer 19

In 2 well defined sheets.

At the tunica interna = internal elastic lamina (IEL)

At the border of the tunica media/externa = outer elastic lamina (OEL)

Question 20

How do arterioles differ from muscular arteries?

3 points

Answer 20

• No tunica externa
• Only 2 layers of smooth muscle cell in tunica media.
• No internal elastic lamina (IEL)

Question 21

Why are the arteries though of as like ‘taps’?

Answer 21

They allow control over blood flow to capillary beds and blood pressure.

Question 22

Arterioles have a _____ _______ _____ innervation.

Answer 22

rich sympathetic nerve

Question 23

What is the name of the main gas exchange vessels in the systemic circulation?

Answer 23

capillaries

Question 24

Capillaries are ____ ______ walled.

Answer 24

very thin (about 1 cell thick)

Question 25

Capillaries contain a tunica ______ only. This is made up of ________ on __________.

Answer 25

intima epithelium a basement membrane

Question 26

________ – incomplete layer of cells surrounding the basement membrane – they have contractile properties which help control flow of blood in the capillaries.

Answer 26

Pericytes

Question 27

Sum of diameters of all capillaries in the body is _______ _______ the diameter of aorta. Therefore blood pressure in the capillaries is ________.

Answer 27

greater than LOW!

Question 28

What are the three types of capillaries?

Answer 28

Continuous Fenestrated Discontinuous

Question 29

Continuous capillaries have a ________ basal lamina and a __________ endothelial lining.

Answer 29

complete | continuous

Question 30

Fenestrated capillaries have a ________ basal lamina and a __________ endothelial lining.

Answer 30

complete | fenestrated (broken)

Question 31

Discontinuous capillaries have a ________ basal lamina and a __________ endothelial lining.

Answer 31

incomplete | fenestrated (broken)

Question 32

Which type of capillary allows free passage of fluid and cells?

Answer 32

discontinuos

Question 33

In which capillary type must material pass through cell, or between cell?

Answer 33

continuous

Question 34

Which capillary type can control what is exchanged?

Answer 34

continuous

Question 35

What is the name of large diameter discontinuous capillaries? Where are they found?

Answer 35

sinusoids Found where large amount of exchange takes place.

Question 36

What does AV stand for in AV shunt? What is its function?

Answer 36

Arteriovenous By passes capillary beds e.g. thermoregulation

Question 37

In veins, the tunica ______ is thin; the tunica ______ is thin or absent; ____ and ____ are thin or absent.

Answer 37

intima media IEL, OEL

Question 38

In veins, the tunica externa is made up of _________ tissue.

Answer 38

collagenous

Question 39

What projects into the endothelial lumen of veins to prevent back flow of blood?

Answer 39

valves

Question 40

Superficial veins are ________ walled and have ________ surrounding support.

Answer 40

thick | no

Question 41

Deep veins are ________ walled and have ____________ surrounding support.

Answer 41

thin | deep fascia and muscle

Question 42

Lymphatic system ______ tissue fluid lost from ________ ________.

Answer 42

drains | blood capillaries

Question 43

The lymphatic system drains into the __________ ________ system.

Answer 43

systemic venous

Question 44

______ _______ are found alongside major veins and around origins of major arteries.

Answer 44

Lymph nodes

Question 45

Lymph capillaries are lined by ____ ______ ______.

Answer 45

very thin endothelium

Question 46

Lymph capillaries do not have a ______ __________.

Answer 46

basal lamina

Question 47

_______ _________ – fine collagenous filaments link endothelial cell (lymph capillary) to surrounding tissue keeping lumen open.

Answer 47

Anchoring filaments

Question 48

No _______ _________ cells are found in lumen of lymphatic capillaries.

Answer 48

red blood

Question 49

What is the name given to the vessels which supply the blood vessels?

Answer 49

vasa vasorum

Question 50

What layer of the blood vessel wall are the lymphatics located in?

Answer 50

tunica externa