ANATOMY OF THE EYE

Question 1

thin, elastic skin that covers striated and smooth muscles and protects the anterior portion of the eye

Answer 1

Eyelids

Question 2

what are the Multiple Glands of eyelids?

Answer 2

1. sebaceous
2. sweat
3. and lacrimal

Question 3

covers the uppermost portion of the iris and is innervated by the oculomotor nerve (CN III)

Answer 3

Upper Lid

Question 4

What are the triangular spaces formed by the junction of the eyelids known as?

Answer 4

inner or medial canthus and the outer or lateral canthus.

Question 5

secreted in response to reflex or emotional stimuli

Answer 5

Tears

Question 6

A healthy tear is composed of three layers what are those three?

Answer 6

1. lipoid,
2. aqueous,
3. and mucoid

Question 7

the thin transparent mucous membrane provides a barrier to the external environment extending under the eyelids and over the sclera

Answer 7

Conjunctiva

Question 8

extending under the eyelids is called?

Answer 8

palpebral conjunctiva

Question 9

over the sclera is called

Answer 9

bulbar conjunctiva

Question 10

junction of two portions is called?

Answer 10

Fornix

Question 11

Eyeball - composed of the following three layers

Answer 11

The outer dense fibrous layer, including the sclera and transparent cornea
The middle vascular layer, containing the iris, ciliary body, and choroid
The inner neural layer, including the retina, optic nerve, and visual pathway

Question 12

The outer dense fibrous layer includes:

Answer 12

sclera and transparent cornea

Question 13

The middle vascular layer includes:

Answer 13

1. iris,
2. ciliary body, and
3. choroid

Question 14

The inner neural layer includes:

Answer 14

1. retina,
2. optic nerve, and
3. visual pathway

Question 15

3 Fluid-containing chambers:

Answer 15

Anterior chamber
Posterior chamber
Vitreous chamber

Question 16

the largest chamber in the ocular fundus between the lens and retina

Answer 16

Vitreous chamber

Question 17

transparent, nutrient-containing fluid that fills the anterior and posterior chambers and helps give the eye its shape

Answer 17

Aqueous humor (watery-like)

Question 18

composed mostly of water and encapsulated by a hyaloid membrane, helps maintain the shape of the eye

Answer 18

Vitreous humor (jelly-like)

Question 19

When its gel-like characteristics liquefy, stringy debris occurs known as?

Answer 19

floaters

Question 20

white avascular dense fibrous structure that helps maintain the shape of the eyeball and protects the intraocular contents

Answer 20

Sclera

Question 21

a vascularized loose elastic tissue that overlies the sclera supplying nutritional support and reacting to inflammation

Answer 21

Episclera

Question 22

moves the eye around the socket

Answer 22

Extrinsic eye muscles

Question 23

What are those Extrinsic eye muscles?

Answer 23

1. Superior Oblique (inferior and medially)
2. Inferior Oblique (superior and medially)
3. Superior Rectus (looking up)
4. Inferior Rectus (looking down)
5. Medial Rectus ( towards nasal area)
6. Lateral Rectus (temporal area)

Question 24

The four rectus muscles and two oblique muscles are innervated by

Answer 24

cranial nerves (CNs) III, IV, and VI

Question 25

vulnerable transparent avascular domelike structure; forms the most anterior portion of the eyeball and is the main refracting surface of the eye.

Answer 25

Cornea

Question 26

five layers of cornea

Answer 26

1. Epithelium 2. Bowman’s membrane 3. Stroma 4. Descemet’s membrane 5. Endothelium

Question 26

absorbs oxygen and nutrients from the tear film nourishing the cornea

Answer 26

Epithelium

Question 27

vascular middle layer of the eye consisting of the iris, ciliary body, and the choroid

Answer 27

Uveal tract

Question 28

highly vascularized pigmented collection of fibers that give the eye color

Answer 28

Iris

Question 29

The dilator muscles of the iris control pupil size

Answer 29

(SNS)

Question 30

sphincter muscles of the iris control pupil size

Answer 30

(PNS)

Question 31

consists of ciliary processes, ciliary muscles, and zonular fibers (ligaments) that work together to form aqueous fluid

Answer 31

Ciliary body

Question 32

lies between the retina and the sclera, supplying blood and oxygen to the outer retina.

Answer 32

Choroid

Question 33

avascular and almost completely transparent biconvex structure which enables focusing for near and distance vision through accommodation

Answer 33

Lens

Question 34

With aging and certain conditions (e.g., diabetes or trauma), the lens loses its transparency and ability to focus due to the formation of a cataract

Answer 34

diabetes or trauma

Question 35

The fundus's innermost surface, composed of neural tissue, is an extension of the optic nerve.

Answer 35

Retina