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Anatomy Year 2 > Anatomy of the gut tube > Flashcards

Anatomy of the gut tube Flashcards

1
Q

when does the primordial gut tube develop

A

4th week of human development

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2
Q

what is the primordial gut tube developed from

A

endoderm lining of the yolk sac

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3
Q

what are the foregut structures of the primordial gut tube

A

Primordial pharynx and its derivatives

Lower respiratory system

Esophagus and stomach

Duodenum – Proximal to the opening of bile duct

Liver, biliary apparatus (hepatic ducts, gall bladder, and bile duct), and pancreas

Artery of the foregut – Celiac trunk

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4
Q

what is the artery of the foregut

A

celiac trunk

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5
Q

what is the esophagus

A

Muscular tube (25cm) normally has 3 constrictions

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6
Q

where is the cervical constriction of the esophagous

A

15cm from incisor teeth (IT)

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7
Q

what is the cervical constriction of the esophagous also known as

A

(pharyngo- esophageal)

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8
Q

where is the thoracic constriction of the esophagous

A

crossed by arch of aorta (22.5 from IT) and left main bronchus 27.5cm from IT)

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9
Q

what is the thoracic constriction also known as

A

(broncho – aortic)

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10
Q

where is the diaphragmatic constriction

A

Where it passes through the oesophageal hiatus of the diaphragm- 40 cm from IT

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11
Q

what are the different parts of the stomach

A

Cardia, fundus, body and pyloric part

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12
Q

what are the two curvatures of the stomach known as

A

lesser and greater

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13
Q

Pyloric Sphincter

A

Control discharge of stomach contents into the duodenum

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14
Q

Stomach Bed

A

Diaphragm, spleen,left kidney,adrenal gland, splenic artery, pancreas, transverse mesocolon and colon

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15
Q

biliary ducts role

A

carry bile from the liver to gallbladder

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16
Q

where is bile produced

A

liver

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17
Q

where is bile stored and concentrated

A

gall bladder

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18
Q

how much bile can the liver store

A

up to 50ml

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19
Q

what is the artery of the gall bladder

A

Cystic artery

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20
Q

where does the cystic artery lie

A

Triangle of calot

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21
Q

what is the pancreas

A

Accessory digestive gland

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22
Q

exocrine roles of the pancreas

A

pancreatic juice

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23
Q

endocrine roles of the pancreas

A

Insulin and glucagon

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24
Q

is the pancreas retroperitoneal or peritoneal

A

Retroperitoneal

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25
Q

where does the pancreas lie

A

Lies along the transpyloric plane(L1/L2)

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26
Q

what are the different parts of the pancreas

A

Head, neck, body and tail

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27
Q

where is the portal vein formed

A

behind the neck of the pancreas

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28
Q

what is the blood supply of the foregut

A

Celiac trunk

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29
Q

where is the origin of the celiac trunk

A

Abdominal aorta (T12)

30
Q

what are the main branches of the celiac trunk

A

left gastric artery
hepatic artery
splenic artery

31
Q

left gastric artery

A

runs along the lesser curvature of the stomach

32
Q

hepatic artery

A

supply liver and gallbladder

33
Q

splenic artery

A

Runs retroperitoneally along the superior (upper) margin of the pancreas

34
Q

what are the structures of the midgut

A

Small intestine including most of duodenum

The cecum, appendix, ascending colon, and the right half to two-thirds of the transverse colon

35
Q

what is the duodenum

A

Shortest, widest and most fixed part of the small intestine

36
Q

what does the second part of the duodenum recieve

A

bile duct and pancreatic duct

37
Q

duodenal ulcer

A

inflammatory erosions of the duodenal wall (mostly 1st part)

38
Q

jejunum

colour
wall
vascularity
vasa recta
arcades
lymphoid nodules
fat in mesentery

A

deep red
thick and heavy
greater
long
a few large loops
few
less

39
Q

ileum

colour
wall
vascularity
vasa recta
arcades
lymphoid nodules
fat in mesentery

A

pale pink
thin and light
less
short
many short loops
many
more

40
Q

mid gut blood supply

A

superior mesenteric artery

41
Q

origin of superior mesenteric artery

A

Branch of abdominal aorta (L1)

42
Q

Relations of superior mesenteric artery

A

Crossed anteriorly by Splenic vein and neck of pancreas

42
Q

main branches of superior mesenteric artery

A

Jejunal and ileal arteries

43
Q

other branches of superior mesenteric artery

A

Middle colic, right colic and iliocoloic

44
Q

hindgut structures

A

Left one-third of transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum and upper part of anal canal

Epithelium of the urinary bladder and most of the urethra

Inferior Mesenteric artery – Artery of hindgut

45
Q

how can the large intestine be distinguished from the small intestine

A

Omental appedices – small, fatty, peritoneal like projections

Haustra or sacculations

Teniae coli – Thickened bands of smooth muscle (longitudinal layer)

46
Q

Omental appedices

A

small, fatty, peritoneal like projections

47
Q

Teniae coli

A

Thickened bands of smooth muscle (longitudinal layer)

48
Q

what is the appendix

A

Blind intestinal diverticulum with masses of lymphatic tissue

49
Q

what is the position of the appendix

A

Variable position

Retrocecal is the common position

50
Q

Macburney’s point

A

Site of maximum tenderness in acute appendicities

51
Q

hindgut blood supply

A

inferior mesenteric artery

52
Q

inferior mesenteric artery origin

A

Anterior branch of abdominal aorta (L3)

53
Q

branches of inferior mesenteric artery

A

Left colic, sigmoid arteries and superior rectal artery

54
Q

superior rectal artery

A

terminal branch of inferior mesenteric artery

55
Q

parasympathetic innervation of abdominal organs

A

Vagus nerve (10th cranial nerve)

Pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2,S3 & S4)

56
Q

sympathetic innervation of abdominal organs

A

Abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves
(greater – T5-T9, lesser-T10-T11 and least –T12)

Prevertebral sympathetic ganglia

Abdominal aortic plexus

57
Q

what is responsible for venous drainage of the abdominal part of the GI tract

A

portal vein

58
Q

portal vein role

A

Transport venous blood from the spleen, pancreas, gall bladder and abdominal part of the GI tract

59
Q

how is the portal vein formed

A

By the union of splenic vein with the superior mesenteric vein

60
Q

where is the location of the formation of the portal vein

A

Behind the neck of pancreas (L 2 vertebral level)

61
Q

sites of portocaval shunts

A

Anorectal junction

Gastroesophageal junction

At the umbilicus

62
Q

Venous enlargements (Varices) during portal obstruction

A

Haemorrhoids

Esophageal varices

Caput medusae

63
Q

Lymphatic drainage of GI Tract / abdomen

A

Thoracic duct receives most of the lymph from abdominal wall and abdominal organs

64
Q

lymphatic vessels and ducts

A

Lymphatic vessels run with their corresponding arteries

Lymphatic nodes form groups around the major arteries and abdominal aorta

65
Q

what are the 3 terminal groups of lumbar nodes

A

pre-aortic
lateral aortic
retroaortic

66
Q

pre-aortic

A

(coeliac, superior and inferior mesenteric nodes) – Drains organs supplied by the anterior branches of aorta

67
Q

lateral aortic

A

Drains organs supplied by lateral aortic branches

68
Q

retro aortic

A

drains the posterior abdominal wall

69
Q
A

Anatomy Year 2 (7 decks)

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