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Anatomy of the Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the acetabelum?

A

depression where femur attaches to pelvis

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2
Q

Where is the pelvis located?

A

between the abdomen and lower limbs -> forming the lower portion of the trunk

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3
Q

Pelvis: Functions (4):

A
  • strong stable connection between
    trunk and lower extremities
  • bears and transmits weight from
    the upper body
  • contains, supports, protects pelvic
    viscera
  • attachment for trunk and lower
    limb muscles
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4
Q

Where is the body’s centre of gravity?

A

pelvis

curvatures in the vertebral column center the weight in the upper body and transmits it through the pelvis to the femora

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5
Q

Which view?

A

Lateral view becuase acetabelum

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6
Q

Three divisions of the Innominiate Bone:

A
  • ilium
  • ischium = posterior
  • pubis = anterior

three divisions fuse together in the acetebulum

bones are connected by a triradiate cartilage at a cup-shaped socket forming the acetabulum

fusion into a single bone begins at puberty

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7
Q

Which bones contribute to the pelvic girdle?

A
  • sacrum
  • coccyx
  • right and left innominate bone
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8
Q

Pelvis: Bony Landmarks:

A

add promontery

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9
Q

Identify the Bony Landmarks:

A
  • anterior superior iliac spine
  • pubic tubercule (left)
  • posterior superior iliac spine
  • ischial spine
  • ischia tuberosity
  • inferior pubic ramus
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10
Q

Identify the Bony Landmarks:

A

insert slide

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11
Q

Where is the obturator foramen?

A

insert diagram

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12
Q

Which views of the sacrum?

A

foramina = anterior/posterior vertebral foramina

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13
Q

Bony Landmarks:

A

insert diagram
**L5, promontery, sacrum, coccyx

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14
Q

Identify the bony landmarks and the ligaments:

A
  • notch when not covered by
    ligaments
  • foramen when covered by
    ligaments
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15
Q

Sacrospinous Ligament:
- location
- runs between

A
  • posteriorly and medially located
  • runs between the sacrum to the
    ischial spine
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16
Q

Sacrotuberous Ligament:

  • Location
  • Runs between
  • covers
A
  • posteriorly and medially located
  • runs between the sacrum and the
    ischial tuberosity
  • covers the lesser sciatic foramen
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17
Q

Function of the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments:

A
  • weight is transferred from the
    vertebral column to the sacrum
  • results in tilting the sacrum
    forward/anteriorly
  • the ligaments prevent the lower
    portion of the sacrum form being
    rotated upwards at the sacroiliac
    joint
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18
Q

Joints of the Pelvic Girdle:

A

insert diagram

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19
Q

What are the four articulating bones of the pelvic girdle?

A
  • right innominate
  • left innominate
  • sacrum
  • coccyx
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20
Q

What are the five joints of the pelvic girdle?

A
  • lumbrosacral
  • right sacroiliac
  • left sacroliliac
  • pubic symphysis
  • sacrococcygeal symphysis
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21
Q

Lumbrosacral Joint:

A
  • symphysis: anterior
    intervertebral
    joint = vertebral
    bodies of L5 and
    S1, separated by a
    large
    intervertebral disc
    and connected
    by vertebral
    ligaments.
  • synovial:
    zygapophyseal joints
    =
    between the articular
    processes of
    L5 and S1 vertebrae.

hence is a compound synovial joint

22
Q

Sacroilliac Joint:

A
  • synovial: on anterior
    side
  • syndesmosis: on
    posterior side
23
Q

Pubic Symphysis Joint:

A
  • symphysis
  • secondary
    cartilaginous
24
Q

Sacrococcygeal Symphysis:

A
  • symphysis
  • secondary
    cartilaginous
25
Q

What passes through the greater sciatic foramen?

A
  • gluteal arteries and
    veins
  • gluteal nerve
  • sciatic nerve
  • pudendal nerve
  • internal pudendal artery and vein

GGGSPII

26
Q

What passes through the lesser sciatic foramen?

A
  • pudendal nerve
  • internal pudendal artery
  • internal pudendal vein
27
Q

Foramina of the Pelvis:

A

*piriform muscle divides
into upper and lower
space
*sciatic nerve lies
posterior to the
piriformis muscle

28
Q

What passes through the obturator foramen?

A
  • obturator artery
  • obturator nerve
  • obturator vein
29
Q

Which foramina? Label diagram.

A

insert diagram

29
Q

Anatomical Orientation of the Pelvis:

A
  • in the anatomical position the
    pelvis is orientated:
    • front edge of top of pubic
      symphysis
    • anterior superior iliac spines
  • both lie in the same vertical plane

insert diagram

29
Q

Difference between primary and secondary cartilaginous joints?

A

primary cartilaginous joints are immovable

secondary cartilaginous joints provide slight movement = fibro-cartilaginous

29
Q

The sciatic nerve runs deep to which muscle?

A

the piriformis muscle

30
Q

What is the pelvic inlet?

A
  • pelvic brim
  • superior pubic aperture
31
Q

What are the boundaries of the pelvic inlet?

A
  • anteriorly: pubic symphysis
  • posteriorly: sacral
    promontory, sacral alae
  • laterally: Linea terminalis =
    arcuate line, pecten pubis,
    pubic crest
32
Q

Boundaries of the Pelvis:

A

insert diagram

33
Q

What is the pelvic outlet?

A

the inferior pubic aperture

34
Q

What are the boundaries of the pelvic outlet?

A
  • anteriorly: pubic symphysis,
    pubic arch (right and left
    ischiopubic rami), ischial
    tuberosities, sacrotuberous
    ligament
  • posteriorly: coccyx
35
Q

Boundaries of the Pelvis:

A

insert diagram

36
Q

The main distinction between the Greater/False Pelvis and the Lesser/True Pelvis:

A
  • true pelvis lies in the area
    between the pelvic inlet and
    outlet and contains the
    pelvic organs
37
Q

Greater/False Pelvis:
- boundaries
- contains

A
  • superior to pelvic inlet
  • limited inferiorly by parietal
    peritoneal reflections
  • contains peritoneal content
38
Q

Lesser/True Pelvis:
- boundaries
- contains

A
  • inferior to pelvic inlet and
    superior to pelvic outlet
  • limited inferiorly by pelvic
    diaphragm
  • contains the true pelvic
    cavity and content
39
Q

Greater vs Lesser Pelvis:

A

Pelvic inlet

40
Q

Differences between Male and Female Bony Pelvis:

A
  • female = circular inlet s
    male = heart shape inlet
  • females have a wider pubic
    angle than males (85 vs 50
    degrees)
  • male ischial spines and
    more prominent medially
    and projecting
  • male promontory has a
    more prominent projection
40
Q

Label the Male vs Female Pelvis:

A

insert diagram

41
Q

Male and Female Pelvis Differences:

A

insert table

42
Q

Greater/False Pelvis Content:

A

peritoneal content

43
Q

Lesser/True Pelvis Content:

A
  • reproductive viscera:
    Male = seminal vesicles,
    prostate, ductus deferens
    Female = uterus, vagina,
    ovaries, uterine tubes
  • urinary viscera: bladder
  • GI viscera: rectum
  • neurovasculature
44
Q

Contents of the Pelvis

A

insert diagram

45
Q

What does the bony pelvis comprise of?

A
  • 2 innominate bones (right
    and left)
  • sacrum
  • coccyx
46
Q

The sciatic nerve passes through which formaina?

A

The greater sciatic foramina

47
Q

What are the 3 main foramina of the Pelvis?

A
  • greater sciatic
  • lesser sciatic
  • obturator

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