Anatomy of the Pelvis

Question 1

What is the acetabelum?

Answer 1

depression where femur attaches to pelvis

Question 2

Where is the pelvis located?

Answer 2

between the abdomen and lower limbs -> forming the lower portion of the trunk

Question 3

Pelvis: Functions (4):

Answer 3

• strong stable connection between
  trunk and lower extremities
• bears and transmits weight from
  the upper body
• contains, supports, protects pelvic
  viscera
• attachment for trunk and lower
  limb muscles

Question 4

Where is the body’s centre of gravity?

Answer 4

pelvis

curvatures in the vertebral column center the weight in the upper body and transmits it through the pelvis to the femora

Question 5

Which view?

Answer 5

Lateral view becuase acetabelum

Question 6

Three divisions of the Innominiate Bone:

Answer 6

• ilium
• ischium = posterior
• pubis = anterior

three divisions fuse together in the acetebulum

bones are connected by a triradiate cartilage at a cup-shaped socket forming the acetabulum

fusion into a single bone begins at puberty

Question 7

Which bones contribute to the pelvic girdle?

Answer 7

• sacrum
• coccyx
• right and left innominate bone

Question 8

Pelvis: Bony Landmarks:

Answer 8

add promontery

Question 9

Identify the Bony Landmarks:

Answer 9

• anterior superior iliac spine
• pubic tubercule (left)
• posterior superior iliac spine
• ischial spine
• ischia tuberosity
• inferior pubic ramus

Question 10

Identify the Bony Landmarks:

Answer 10

insert slide

Question 11

Where is the obturator foramen?

Answer 11

insert diagram

Question 12

Which views of the sacrum?

Answer 12

foramina = anterior/posterior vertebral foramina

Question 13

Bony Landmarks:

Answer 13

insert diagram
**L5, promontery, sacrum, coccyx

Question 14

Identify the bony landmarks and the ligaments:

Answer 14

• notch when not covered by
  ligaments
• foramen when covered by
  ligaments

Question 15

Sacrospinous Ligament:
- location
- runs between

Answer 15

• posteriorly and medially located
• runs between the sacrum to the
  ischial spine

Question 16

Sacrotuberous Ligament:

• Location
• Runs between
• covers

Answer 16

• posteriorly and medially located
• runs between the sacrum and the
  ischial tuberosity
• covers the lesser sciatic foramen

Question 17

Function of the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments:

Answer 17

• weight is transferred from the
  vertebral column to the sacrum
• results in tilting the sacrum
  forward/anteriorly
• the ligaments prevent the lower
  portion of the sacrum form being
  rotated upwards at the sacroiliac
  joint

Question 18

Joints of the Pelvic Girdle:

Answer 18

insert diagram

Question 19

What are the four articulating bones of the pelvic girdle?

Answer 19

• right innominate
• left innominate
• sacrum
• coccyx

Question 20

What are the five joints of the pelvic girdle?

Answer 20

• lumbrosacral
• right sacroiliac
• left sacroliliac
• pubic symphysis
• sacrococcygeal symphysis

Question 21

Lumbrosacral Joint:

Answer 21

• symphysis: anterior
  intervertebral
  joint = vertebral
  bodies of L5 and
  S1, separated by a
  large
  intervertebral disc
  and connected
  by vertebral
  ligaments.
• synovial:
  zygapophyseal joints
  =
  between the articular
  processes of
  L5 and S1 vertebrae.

hence is a compound synovial joint

Question 22

Sacroilliac Joint:

Answer 22

• synovial: on anterior
  side
• syndesmosis: on
  posterior side

Question 23

Pubic Symphysis Joint:

Answer 23

• symphysis
• secondary
  cartilaginous

Question 24

Sacrococcygeal Symphysis:

Answer 24

• symphysis
• secondary
  cartilaginous

Question 25

What passes through the greater sciatic foramen?

Answer 25

- gluteal arteries and veins - gluteal nerve - sciatic nerve - pudendal nerve - internal pudendal artery and vein GGGSPII

Question 26

What passes through the lesser sciatic foramen?

Answer 26

- pudendal nerve - internal pudendal artery - internal pudendal vein

Question 27

Foramina of the Pelvis:

Answer 27

*piriform muscle divides into upper and lower space *sciatic nerve lies posterior to the piriformis muscle

Question 28

What passes through the obturator foramen?

Answer 28

- obturator artery - obturator nerve - obturator vein

Question 29

Which foramina? Label diagram.

Answer 29

insert diagram

Question 29

Anatomical Orientation of the Pelvis:

Answer 29

- in the anatomical position the pelvis is orientated: - front edge of top of pubic symphysis - anterior superior iliac spines - both lie in the same vertical plane insert diagram

Question 29

Difference between primary and secondary cartilaginous joints?

Answer 29

primary cartilaginous joints are immovable secondary cartilaginous joints provide slight movement = fibro-cartilaginous

Question 29

The sciatic nerve runs deep to which muscle?

Answer 29

the piriformis muscle

Question 30

What is the pelvic inlet?

Answer 30

- pelvic brim - superior pubic aperture

Question 31

What are the boundaries of the pelvic inlet?

Answer 31

- anteriorly: pubic symphysis - posteriorly: sacral promontory, sacral alae - laterally: Linea terminalis = arcuate line, pecten pubis, pubic crest

Question 32

Boundaries of the Pelvis:

Answer 32

insert diagram

Question 33

What is the pelvic outlet?

Answer 33

the inferior pubic aperture

Question 34

What are the boundaries of the pelvic outlet?

Answer 34

- anteriorly: pubic symphysis, pubic arch (right and left ischiopubic rami), ischial tuberosities, sacrotuberous ligament - posteriorly: coccyx

Question 35

Boundaries of the Pelvis:

Answer 35

insert diagram

Question 36

The main distinction between the Greater/False Pelvis and the Lesser/True Pelvis:

Answer 36

- true pelvis lies in the area between the pelvic inlet and outlet and contains the pelvic organs

Question 37

Greater/False Pelvis: - boundaries - contains

Answer 37

- superior to pelvic inlet - limited inferiorly by parietal peritoneal reflections - contains peritoneal content

Question 38

Lesser/True Pelvis: - boundaries - contains

Answer 38

- inferior to pelvic inlet and superior to pelvic outlet - limited inferiorly by pelvic diaphragm - contains the true pelvic cavity and content

Question 39

Greater vs Lesser Pelvis:

Answer 39

Pelvic inlet

Question 40

Differences between Male and Female Bony Pelvis:

Answer 40

- female = circular inlet s male = heart shape inlet - females have a wider pubic angle than males (85 vs 50 degrees) - male ischial spines and more prominent medially and projecting - male promontory has a more prominent projection

Question 40

Label the Male vs Female Pelvis:

Answer 40

insert diagram

Question 41

Male and Female Pelvis Differences:

Answer 41

insert table

Question 42

Greater/False Pelvis Content:

Answer 42

peritoneal content

Question 43

Lesser/True Pelvis Content:

Answer 43

- reproductive viscera: Male = seminal vesicles, prostate, ductus deferens Female = uterus, vagina, ovaries, uterine tubes - urinary viscera: bladder - GI viscera: rectum - neurovasculature

Question 44

Contents of the Pelvis

Answer 44

insert diagram

Question 45

What does the bony pelvis comprise of?

Answer 45

- 2 innominate bones (right and left) - sacrum - coccyx

Question 46

The sciatic nerve passes through which formaina?

Answer 46

The greater sciatic foramina

Question 47

What are the 3 main foramina of the Pelvis?

Answer 47

- greater sciatic - lesser sciatic - obturator