Anatomy of the Urinary System

Question 1

What are the main components of the urinary system?

Answer 1

Kidneys
Ureters
Urinary bladder
Urethra

Question 2

What is the funciton of the kidney?

Answer 2

To filter blood and produce urine

Question 3

What is the function of the ureters?

Answer 3

To carry urine from the kidneys to bladder

Question 4

What is the function of the urinary bladder?

Answer 4

Store urine

Question 5

What is the function of the urethra?

Answer 5

Carry urine from the bladder to external environment

Question 6

What are the functions of the urinary system?

Answer 6

To remove metabolic waste 
To regulate BP 
To regulate plasma conc. of electrolytes
To stabilised pH
To conserve valuable nutrients

Question 7

What is the peritonisation of the kidneys?

Answer 7

Retroperitoneal

Question 8

At which vertebral levels do the kidneys lie?

Answer 8

T12-L3

Question 9

Why is the right kidney slightly lower than the left kidney?

Answer 9

Due to the presence of the liver

Question 10

Can you palpate the kidneys?

Answer 10

Not often

Only in a really skinny patient

Question 11

How are the kidneys peritonised anteriorly?

Answer 11

Partially

Question 12

When are the kidneys peritonised anteriorly?

Answer 12

When they are overlapping with an intraperitoneal organ

Question 13

What are the fat layer surrounding the kidneys?

Answer 13

Renal capsule
Perirenal fat
Renal fascia
Pararenal fat

Question 14

What is the function of so much fat around the kidneys?

Answer 14

Protection - there are not bones to protect the kidneys

To hold them in place

Question 15

what is the arrangement of the renal hilum anterior to posterior?

Answer 15

Renal Vein
Renal artery
Renal pelvis
VAP

Question 16

Where does the renal vein drain into?

Answer 16

IVC

Question 17

Where does the renal artery branch off from?

Answer 17

Abdominal aorta

Question 18

Describe the branching of the renal arteries?

Answer 18

Renal artery (1 each side) branch off abdominal aorta
Segmental branches x 5
Interlobar
Arcurate branched which pass round the circumference
Interlobular branches which ulitmately supply each nephron

Question 19

What is the lymphatic drainage of the kidneys?

Answer 19

Lateral aortic lymph nodes

Question 20

What is the sympathetic nerve supply to the kidneys?

Answer 20

T10-L1

Question 21

What is the sensory afferent nerve supply to the kidneys?

Answer 21

T11-L2

Question 22

What is the bottom triangle area of the bladder called?

Answer 22

Trigone of the bladder

Question 23

What is the arterial supply to the bladder?

Answer 23

Branches of the internal iliac arteries

Question 24

What is the venous drainage of the bladder?

Answer 24

Tributaries of the internal iliac veins

Question 25

What is the parasympathetic nerve supply to the bladder?

Answer 25

T10-L2

Question 26

What is the sympathetic nerve supply to the bladder?

Answer 26

S2-S4

Question 27

Which nerve constricts detrusor muscle during micturition?

Answer 27

Parasympathetic nerve

Question 28

Which nerve constricts internal urethral sphincter during ejaculation?

Answer 28

Sympathetic nerve

Question 29

What is the narrowest part of the urethra in males?

Answer 29

Membranous

Question 30

Which vertebral level does the transpyloric plane pass through?

Answer 30

L1

Question 31

Who has a short urethra M or F?

Answer 31

F

Question 32

Is the internal urethral sphincter under voluntary or involuntary control?

Answer 32

Involuntary

Question 33

Is the external urethral sphincter under voluntary or involuntary control?

Answer 33

Voluntary

Question 34

What is the most dilated part of the urethra in males?

Answer 34

Prostatic part

Question 35

What is the longest part of the urethra in males?

Answer 35

Spongy part

Question 36

What type of epithelium is found in the urinary bladder?

Answer 36

Transitional epithelium

Question 37

What shaped lumen does the ureter have?

Answer 37

Star shaped

Question 38

What are the layers of muscle in the ureter?

Answer 38

Inner longitudinal SM | Outer circular SM

Question 39

What are the layers of muscle in the bladder?

Answer 39

Inner longitudinal SM Middle circular SM Outer longitudinal SM

Question 40

What type of epithelium is found in the ureters?

Answer 40

Transitional epithelium