Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Urology > Glomerulonephritis > Flashcards

Glomerulonephritis Flashcards

(65 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

How does blood enter the glomerulus via?

A

Afferent arteriole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How does blood leave the glomerulus?

A

Via efferent arteriole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What will not be filtered at the glomerulus?

A

All proteins equal to or larger than albumin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 3 layers barrier of the glomerulus?

A

Endothelial cell cytoplasma
Basal lamina
Podocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are mesagnial cells?

A

Group of cells which support the capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is glomerulonephritis?

A

Disease of glomerulus

Either inflammatory or non-inflammatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the potential aetiologies of glomerulonephritis?

A 
Immunoglobulin deposition 
Non-immunoglobulin deposition 
Autoimmune 
Infection 
Malignancy 
Drugs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 2 classifications of glomerulonephritis?

A

Proliferative

Non-proliferative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is diffuse glomerulonephritis?

A

When >50% of glomerulus is affected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is focal glomerulonephritis?

A

When <50 % affected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is global glomerulonephritis?

A

When all glomeruli are affected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is segmental glomerulonephritis?

A

When part of the glomerulus is affected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the common presentation of nephritic disease?

A

Haematura
Light proteinuria
Low urine volume
Hypertensive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the common presentation of nephrotic disease?

A

Heave proteinuria
Oedema
Hyperlipidaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the main causes of haematuria?

A

UTI
UT stone
UT tumour
Glomerulonephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the primary causes of nephritic disease?

A

Post streptococcal glomerulonephritis
IgA nephropathy
Crescentic glomerulonephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the primary causes of nephrotic snydrome

A

Minimal change syndrome
Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis
Membramous nephropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the most common cause of glomerulonephritis in adults?

A

IgA nephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the clinical feature of IgA nephropathy?

A

Discolouration of urine
Microscopic haematuria
Nephritis syndrome
Urine culture and USS normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the investigations for IgA nephritis

A

Urine culture
USS normal
Bloods
Renal biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the pathology of IgA nephritis?

A

IgA deposits in mesangial matrix causing increased proliferation of mesangial cells
• more matrix is produced also
Excess IgA is sometimes presenting the serum
IgA becomes “stuck” in mesangium and becomes clogged with antibody

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the prognosis for IgA nephritis?

A

Usually self limiting

However some do go on to develop chronic renal failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is membranous glomerulonephritis?

A

Nephrotic syndrome
Where there is abnormality of the glomerular filter
and a thickened glomerular basement membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the clinical features of membranous glomerulonephritis?

A 
Generally unwell 
Swollen legs 
Low serum albumin 
Heavy proteinuria
That of nephrotic syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What causes membranous glomerulonephritis?
Abnormality of glomerular filter Thickened basement membrane Deposits of IgG Stuck in membrane between basal lamina and podocyte
26
What is activated with deposition of IgG in membranous glomerulonephritis?
Complement C3
27
What is the action of Compliment C3 in glomerulonephritis?
Punches holes in filter Allowing albumin to filter through Makes membrane thick but leaky
28
What is the prognosis of membranous glomerulonephritis?
1/4 progress to chronic renal failure
29
What is the main cause of post-infective nephritis?
Post-streptococcal infection
30
How quickly does post infective nephritis follow primary infection?
10-21 days
31
What is the treatment for post-infective nephritis?
AB for infection Loop diuretics Vasodilator drugs
32
Who is minimal change disease commonest in?
Children
33
How does minimal change disease present?
Sudden onset oedema | Complete loss of proteinuria with steroids
34
What is the treatment for minimal change nephritis?
Steroids | Prednisolone
35
What is the prognosis for minimal change nephritis?
Relapses but with good prognosis
36
What is focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis?
Syndrome with multiple causes
37
What is the presentation of focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis?
Nephrotic syndrome
38
What is the treatment for focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis?
Cyclosporin - steroids | Cyclophosphamide and Rituximab
39
What is the prognosis for focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis?
High change of progression to end stage kidney disease
40
What is the key clinical feature of diabetic nephropathy?
Heavy proteinuria
41
In IgA nephropathy why do blood cells get through but IgA doesnt?
unknown
42
What is a main antigen present in membranous glomerulonephritis?
Phospholipase A2 receptor
43
What is the prognosis for diabetic nephropathy?
Inevitable decline if poor diabetic control | If better diabetic control it wont get any better but wont get any worse either
44
What is the pathology of diabetic nephropathy?
Glycated molecules Deposit in the matrix and basal lamina Thickened capillary walls which are leaking albumin
45
Why are arterioles thickened in diabetic nephropathy?
Due to diabetes contributing to atherosclerosis
46
What is granulomatosis with polyangitis a form of?
Vasculitis
47
What is the prognosis of Wegener's?
Fatal if left untreated | With immunosupression 75% complete remission
48
What type of histological appearance is there with granulomatosis with polyangitis?
Crescentic | Cellular proliferation and influx of macrophages forming a crescent around glomerular tuft within Bowman's space
49
Give an example of a cause of crescentic glomerulonephritis?
Granulomatosis with polyangitis
50
Where does granulomatosis with polyangitis affect?
Vessels Kidney Nose Lungs
51
What is crescentic glomerulonephritis?
Any glomerular disease characterised by extensive crescents as the principal histological finding Rapid loss of renal function
52
What are the clinical features of granulomatosis with polyangitis?
``` Generally unwell Cough Raised creatinine Serum has ANCA antibodies Rhinitis ```
53
Which type of glomerulonephritis is ANCA seen?
Granulomatosis with polyangitis
54
What should you check before taking a renal biopsy?
Clotting factors
55
What are the key features of glomerulonephritis?
Haematuria o Proteinuria o Hypertension o Renal insufficiency
56
What are the types of haematuria?
Macroscopic | Microscopic
57
Is haematuria more common in nephritic or nephrotic?
Nephritic
58
What is hypertension classified as/
>14/>80 mmHg
59
Is hypertension more common in nephritic or nephrotic?
Nephritic
60
What are key features of nephritic syndrome?
Hameaturia Dysmorphic RBC Hypertension
61
What are key features of nephrotic syndrome?
Oedema Proteinuria Hypoalbuminaemia Lipidaemia
62
What could be a differential diagnosis for nephrotic disease?
Congestive HF | Hepatic Disease
63
How is anti-GBM disease diagnosed?
By demonstrating anti-GBM antibodies in serum and kidney
64
What is the treatment for anti-GBM disease?
Aggressive immunosuppresion | Steroids
65
What is the treatment for membranous nephropathy?
Immunosuppression if symptomatic | Resolves spontaneously in 1/3

Urology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions