Anatomy of thorax

Question 1

What are the functions of the Thorax?

Answer 1

protection of vital organs

Facilitates respiratory movements

Question 2

How many vertebrae and ribs are there?

Answer 2

12

Question 3

What is the costal margin?

Answer 3

When ribs share costal cartilage T7-10

Question 4

Why is T8-10 aka false ribs?

Answer 4

link together before attaching to sternum

Question 5

What are T11-12 Ribs?

Answer 5

floating ribs

Question 6

What sits between ribs?

Answer 6

intercostal muscles

Question 7

What is neurovascular bundle?

Answer 7

ribs has own set of vessels/nerves between innermost and internal fibres

Question 8

What are the 2 articulation attachments for the rib?

Answer 8

posterior vertebrae and sternum ( to sternum via costal cartilage)

Question 9

What is sternum made up of ?

Answer 9

Manubrium
body
Xiphoid

Question 10

What does the sterna angle do?

Answer 10

divide into inferior and superior thorax

Question 11

What is the thoracic inlet?q

Answer 11

how thoracic cavity communicates with root of neck, into the thorax
T1 vertebra and superior border of manubrium

Question 12

what pass through thoracic inlet?

Answer 12

esophagus
trachea
apices of lungs

Question 13

What is the Thoracic Outlet?

Answer 13

how thoracic cavity communicates with abdomen

Question 14

What are boundaries of thoracic outlet?

Answer 14

Anterior margin of T12
ribs 11/12
Costal margin
Xiphisternal joint - between xiphoid and mesosternum

Question 15

What is the Diaphragm?

Answer 15

muscle that separates the thorax from abdomen

Question 16

What muscle fibres does diaphragm have?

Answer 16

radiating fibres from central tendon and attach to costal margin and onto vertebrae

Question 17

What does inspiration do?

Answer 17

diaphragm moves downwards so thoracic vol. increase

and pressure decreases

Question 18

Why does diaphragm have apertures ?

Answer 18

to allow vessels, nerves and oesophagus to travel from thorax to enter abdomen

Question 19

Where does Aorta travel in diaphragm

Answer 19

behind it at T12

Question 20

Where does inferior vena cava travel?

Answer 20

central tendon at T8

Question 21

Where does Oesophagus travel in diaphragm

Answer 21

at T10

Question 22

What happens to diaphragm in inhalation ?

Answer 22

flattens

Question 23

What happens to diaphragm in exhalation ?

Answer 23

Domed

Question 24

What is the most Anterior out of the three main openings?

Answer 24

Inferior vena cava

Question 25

What are the 3 layers to intercostal muscles?

Answer 25

External intercostal Internal innermost

Question 26

What happens when external fibres contract?

Answer 26

pull rib up and out

Question 27

What groove does ribs have?

Answer 27

Costal

Question 28

How does innermost fibres run?

Answer 28

Same direction as internal

Question 29

What do the upper ribs do?

Answer 29

increase Anterior-Posterior diameter, move up

Question 30

What do Lower ribs do?

Answer 30

Increase Transverse diameter , move out

Question 31

What happens when we breathe in?

Answer 31

- ribcage up and out | - increase distance between sternum and thoracic vertebrae

Question 32

What does the Mediastinum midline region enclose?

Answer 32

heart, major vessels and nerves, trachea, oesophagus

Question 33

What are the major vessels enclosed by mediastinum?

Answer 33

Brachiocephalic veins superior vena cava aorta arch

Question 34

What are 2 pleural sacs lined with?

Answer 34

Visceral and Parietal pleura that create Pleural Sac

Question 35

What is visceral layer attached to?

Answer 35

Lungs

Question 36

What is parietal layer attached to?

Answer 36

Thoracic cavity

Question 37

What is Pleural cavity?

Answer 37

Small space between visceral and parietal pleura

Question 38

What does Serous Pleural Fluid do?

Answer 38

reduces friction | creates surface tension between layers

Question 39

What does the right lung have?

Answer 39

3 LOBES- superior, middle and inferior | 2 FISSURES- horizontal and oblique

Question 40

What does left lung have

Answer 40

2 LOBES- Superior and inferior | 1 Oblique fissure

Question 41

What is the Hilum?

Answer 41

medial aspect of lung where vessels leave/enter

Question 42

What is Pulmonary ligament?

Answer 42

Where 2 pleura's connect together so movement within lung

Question 43

What vessels in Hilum?

Answer 43

Pulmonary artery enters and Pulmonary Vein leaves

Question 44

What are the divisions of Mediastinum?

Answer 44

plane via Sternal angle and lower border of T4

Question 45

What are the subdivisions of Mediastinum?

Answer 45

Superior and Inferior Mediastinum

Question 46

What is Inferior Mediastinum divided into?

Answer 46

Anterior, Middle and Posterior mediastinum

Question 47

What does superior mediastinum house?

Answer 47

oesophagus, trachea and vessells

Question 48

What does middle part of inferior mediastinum house

Answer 48

heart and pericardium

Question 49

What does Posterior part of inferior mediastinum house

Answer 49

vessels, tubes and nerves

Question 50

What does Superior Mediastinum house?

Answer 50

``` Arch of Aorta Thymus superior vena cava Brachiocephalic trunk left subclavian artery Left common carotid artery Trachea/ oesophagus ```

Question 51

What does Anterior part of inferior mediastinum house

Answer 51

Thymus

Question 52

What does Posterior part of inferior mediastinum house

Answer 52

Thoracic aorta Azygos veins Thoracic duct

Question 53

Where does thoracic aorta originate ?

Answer 53

T4 and passes posteriorly to diaphragm

Question 54

Where does Azygos vein?

Answer 54

at T12 w/ aorta and drains the right chest