Anatomy of upper renal tract

Question 1

Kidney job?

Answer 1

produces urine

Question 2

Ureter job?

Answer 2

drains urine from kidney to bladder

Question 3

Bladder job?

Answer 3

stores and empties urine

Question 4

Urethra job?

Answer 4

excretes urine

Question 5

histological transitional epithelium that lines most of the urinary tract?

Answer 5

Urothelium

Question 6

Upper UTI?

Answer 6

Ureter + Kidneys

Question 7

Lower UTI?

Answer 7

Bladder + urethra

Question 8

Location of kidneys in relation abdomen?

Answer 8

retroperitoneal

Question 9

Medial aspect of kidney contains the ….

Answer 9

hilum

Question 10

Hilum of kidney contains….

Answer 10

Renal artery, vein and ureter

Question 11

At the hilum veins sit …. to the artery

Answer 11

anterior

Question 12

2 layers of anterolateral abdominal wall muscles?

Answer 12

External oblique
Internal Oblique
Transversus Abdominus

Question 13

Fat that surrounds the kidney

Answer 13

Perinephric fat

Question 14

Muscle medial to kidney

Answer 14

Psoas major

Question 15

Muscle posterior to kidney

Answer 15

Quadratus Lumborum

Question 16

Gives the kidney it’s shape

Answer 16

Renal capsule

Question 17

What protects the kidneys from trauma?

Answer 17

Muscle guarding

Question 18

Right kidney spinal level

Answer 18

L1-L3 (liver displaces it inferiorly)

Question 19

Left kidney spinal level

Answer 19

T12-L2

Question 20

Bone that lies posterior to kidneys?

Answer 20

Ribs 11 + 12

Question 21

Normal kidney features:

Answer 21

12cm long
6cm wide
smooth
regular
firm

Question 22

Deepest part of peritoneal cavity in supine patient

Answer 22

Hepatorenal recess (lies anterior to right kidney)

Question 23

common iliac arteries are …. to the common iliac veins

Answer 23

anterior

Question 24

Lymph from kidneys drains to …

Answer 24

lumbar nodes

Question 25

Blood supply to ureter?

Answer 25

branches from renal artery, the abdominal aorta, common iliac artery, internal iliac artery, + vesical artery.

Question 26

Ureter lymph drains to ...

Answer 26

lumbar nodes and iliac nodes

Question 27

Infra renal AAA

Answer 27

excludes the Renal arteries

Question 28

Suprerenal AAA

Answer 28

includes the renal arteries

Question 29

Causes of renal artery stenosis:

Answer 29

``` Atherosclerosis Suprarenal AAA (occlusion of proximal renal artery by aneurysm) ```

Question 30

Split in proximal Ureter

Answer 30

Bifid renal pelvis

Question 31

Two tubes forming one tube at ureter

Answer 31

Bifid Ureter

Question 32

Unilateral duplicated ureter

Answer 32

Two tubes forming the ureter

Question 33

Structure of Kidney?

Answer 33

``` Renal capsule (on outside) Outer cortex (mainly) Inner Medulla (pyramids, each contain around 50,000 nephrons) ```

Question 34

Role of collecting duct in nephron?

Answer 34

passes through pyramid to drain modified filtrate into the minor calyx as urine

Question 35

Anatomical sites of ureteric constriction

Answer 35

- Pelviureteric junction (kidney + ureter) - Ureter crossing anterior to common iliac artery - Ureteric orifice (opening of ureter into bladder)

Question 36

Type of pain in ureteric obstruction

Answer 36

Colicky pain (peristalsis)

Question 37

Hydronephrosis

Answer 37

urine back pressure into the calyces compresses the nephrons within the medullary pyramids leading to renal failure