Anatomy of Venous Ulceration Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Anatomy of Venous Ulceration Deck (41)
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1
Q

At the inguinal ligament, what does the left external iliac artery become?

A

left femoral artery, then the left popliteal artery, which then bifurcates into the left anterior tibial artery and the left posterior tibial artery

2
Q

What is the dorsalis pedis artery a continuation of?

A

ant. tibial artery

3
Q

What do the medial and lateral plantar arteries bifurcate from?

A

posterior tibial artery

4
Q

What is the name for a dorsal arch?

A

arcuate artery

5
Q

What does untreated occlusion of an end artery result in?

A

infarction of the occluded area

6
Q

What should you not use when performing surgery in the vicinity of end arteries?

A

local anaesthetic solution containing adrenaline

7
Q

How can experienced doctors limit blood loss at the scene?

A

pressing on a pulse point (or applying a tourniquet) proximal to the injury

8
Q

Where can a pulse in the neck be felt?

A

bifurcation of the common carotid artery

anterior to sternocleidomastoid muscle at level of upper border of thyroid cartilage

9
Q

Where is the brachial artery pulse palpated?

A

medial to biceps tendon in the cubital fossa

10
Q

Where is the radial artery pulse palpated?

A

lateral to tendon of flexor carpi radialis

11
Q

Where is the femoral pulse palpated?

A

inferior to midpoint of inguinal ligament

12
Q

Where is the popliteal pulse palpated?

A

in popliteal fossa (immediately posterior to knee joint)

13
Q

Where is the posterior tibial pulse palpated?

A

between the posterior border of the medial malleolus & the achilles tendon

14
Q

Where is the dorsalis pedis pulse palpated?

A

medial to tendon of extensor hallucis longus distal to the ankle joint

15
Q

What two main categories of problems can ischaemia cause in blood vessels?

A

reduced arterial perfusion pressure

increased venous drainage pressure

16
Q

What does reduced arterial perfusion pressure cause?

A

left ventricular failure
arterial bleed (injury)
arterial rupture (aneurysm)
occlusion of lumen (atherosclerosis: PVD)
arterial spasm
external compression of arterial supply (e.g. tumour/compartment syndrome/crossing legs!!/inflammation/ tamponade)

17
Q

What does increased venous drainage pressure cause?

A

right (or congestive) cardiac failure
DVT
external compression (e.g. tumour…)

18
Q

Where is the cubital fossa?

A

anterior aspect of elbow region

19
Q

What does the basilic vein drain into?

A

brachial vein at level of mid-arm

20
Q

What does the cephalic vein drain into?

A

the axillary vein which becomes the subclavian vein at the lateral border of rib 1

21
Q

8% of patients have no connecting veins in the what?

A

cubital fossa

22
Q

What does the great saphenous vein drain into?

A

femoral vein

23
Q

What does the small saphenous vein drain into?

A

popliteal vein

24
Q

What type of veins does the calf muscle pump involve?

A

deep veins

25
Q

In what direction does venous blood normally flow?

A

normally flows from the superficial veins into the deep veins AND from distal to proximal

26
Q

What happens when valves are incompetent?

A

Reverse flow into superficial veins which can then dilate (varicose veins)

27
Q

Varicose veins are a predisposing factor for which 2 things?

A

development of DVT and venous ulceration

28
Q

What actually causes skin ulceration to happen?

A

chronic venous insufficiency causing superficial microcirculatory deficiencies

29
Q

What type of infarction is caused if the small peripheral artery is occluded?

A

small wedge infarction

30
Q

What type of infarction is caused if the segmental artery is occluded?

A

infarction of bronchopulmonary segment

31
Q

What type of infarction is caused if the lobar artery is occluded?

A

middle lobe infarction

32
Q

What type of infarction is caused if the pulmonary artery is occluded?

A

infarction of one entire lung

33
Q

complete occlusion of the what arrests the circulation?

A

pulmonary trunk by a saddle embolus

34
Q

Give 3 complications of skin biopsy.

A

bleeding (damage to superficial veins)
motor or sensory nerve damage
loss of function

35
Q

Location of the sentinel node is determined using what?

A

preoperative lymphoscintigraphy

36
Q

How should you close a wound of an elliptical excision?

A

simple interrupted sutures

37
Q

Describe the distance from the great saphenous vein to the patella?

A

one hands breadth MEDIAL to medial border of patella

38
Q

Where is the great saphenous vein in relation to the malleolus?

A

immediately ANTERIOR to the MEDIAL malleolus

39
Q

What type of fascia is relatively tough and has a sheet-like, white, sometimes glistening, appearance?

A

deep fascia

40
Q

What does this describe: fibrous bands connecting deep fascia to skin – sometimes numerous?

A

skin ligaments

41
Q

Where should you look for aggregates of adipocytes?

A

limb superficial veins in superficial fascia