Anatomy of Vocal Tract

Question 1

respiration from the

Answer 1

lungs

Question 2

phonation from

Answer 2

larynx

Question 3

manipulation from

Answer 3

vocal tract

Question 4

lungs

Answer 4

• 2 pulmones located in the thorax
• made up of spongy elastic fiber without any muscles
• 25% of elasticity from the tissue itself
• 75% of elasticity form from water molecules around alveoli

Question 5

trachea

Answer 5

• lungs connect to trachea via bronchi

- windpipe

Question 6

bronchi

Answer 6

• split up inside the lungs into bronchia and then into alveoli

Question 7

breathing in also called

Answer 7

inspiration, inhalation

Question 8

what is the physical prerequisite for breathing in

Answer 8

the air pressure in the lungs has to be lower than the air pressure “outside” the body

Question 9

thoracic breathing

Answer 9

• the thoracic cavity can be made smaller or larger by means of the external intercostal muscles
• contracting the external intercostal muscles results in outward turn of the ribs, this makes the thorax larger, therefore lowering the air pressure in lungs

Question 10

abdominal breathing

Answer 10

• the diaphragm is slightly domed upwards when at rest,
• can be flattened when tensed, enlarging the lung cavity downwards
• results in lower air pressure inside the lungs

Question 11

breathing out

Answer 11

• expiration, exhalation
• no muscle activation needed to achieve the rest position
• inspiration muscles are active during expiration only to control speed and intensity of exhalation

Question 12

contraction beyond rest position

Answer 12

internal intercostal muscles are activated to pull ribs together

Question 13

residual volume of lungs

Answer 13

1 L

Question 14

max volume of lungs

Answer 14

~ 6L

Question 15

at rest lung volume

Answer 15

~ 3L

Question 16

quiet respiration

Answer 16

40% breathing in, 60% breathing out

0.5L is inhaled (tidal volume)

Question 17

inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 17

6L during deep breath in

Question 18

vital capacity

Answer 18

difference between at max inspiration and max expiration

Question 19

speaking

Answer 19

10% breathing in, 90% breathing out

Question 20

breathing in thoracic cavity is____

Answer 20

actively extended to cause airflow

Question 21

exhale beyonD rest potition

Answer 21

addition force needed

Question 22

during speech and exhalation thoracic cavity ______

Answer 22

is passively reduced b elastic forces

Question 23

larynx

Answer 23

• adjustabe cartilage tube

- at top of trachea suspended from hyoid bone

Question 24

3 main cartliages in larynx

Answer 24

1) thyroid (at top of cricoid)
2) cricoid
3) arytenoid (on top of cricoid)

Question 25

vocal cords are attached

Answer 25

between the arytenoid and thyroid

Question 26

what is only bone in speech production system?

Answer 26

hyoid bone

Question 27

BETWEEN RINGS OF LARYNX CARTILAGE IS ...

Answer 27

muscular structures

Question 28

epiglottis closes when you _____

Answer 28

swallow food

Question 29

epiglottis sits on top of

Answer 29

hyoid bone

Question 30

vocal cord muscles

Answer 30

vocalis muscle (right and left)

Question 31

throat singing

Answer 31

collapsing false vocal folds

Question 32

true vocal folds are _____

Answer 32

smaller looking than fake ones

Question 33

females voice is typically approx. ______ Hz

Answer 33

200

Question 34

full glottis cycle

Answer 34

closed to open to cold

Question 35

Bernoulli force

Answer 35

- pulls vocal folds together since air pressure inside is higher - force then pushes them back to outside - then elastic recoil force pulls them back together

Question 36

force responsible for opening vocal fold

Answer 36

air from lungs

Question 37

aerodynamic theory

Answer 37

1) explosion of vocal folds > opening 2) maximal opening due to inertia 3) Bernoulli effect takes over and sucks vocal folds back together 4) Bernoulli effect is predominant until vocal folds are completely closed * opening phase is fast and closing phase is slow

Question 38

"normal voice" is

Answer 38

modal voice

Question 39

breathy voice

Answer 39

open vocal folds more

Question 40

creaky / harsh voice

Answer 40

two vocal folds go together with false vocal folds to make one big mass

Question 41

tongue tip

Answer 41

tongue end

Question 42

tongue blade

Answer 42

distance behind tongue tip

Question 43

tongue body

Answer 43

posterior part (produce k sound)

Question 44

tongue back

Answer 44

behind tongue body

Question 45

tongue root

Answer 45

connected to hyoid bone

Question 46

extrinsic tongue muscles

Answer 46

- originate from bone and extend to tongue | - move tongue up and down

Question 47

intrinsic tongue muscles

Answer 47

- originate and insert inside the tongue | - used for shaping tongue

Question 48

genioglossus

Answer 48

- extrinsic - mandible - forward movement - attach to the jaw - sticking tongue out

Question 49

hypoglossus

Answer 49

- extrinsic - hyoid - retract and depresses tongue

Question 50

styloglossus

Answer 50

- extrinsic - styloid - behind ears to side of tongue - back of tongue goes up when constricted

Question 51

palatoglossus

Answer 51

- extrinsic | - elevates back of time

Question 52

longitudinal muscles

Answer 52

- elevates, retract, and deviates tongue tip - purely about tongue tip - used solely when producing [t]

Question 53

vertical muscle

Answer 53

- intrinsic - flattens and depresses tongue - dome to flat tongue

Question 54

transverve muscle

Answer 54

- intrinsic - narrows tongue - side to side - more toward bottom of tongue (inferior)

Question 55

epiglottic is a _______ structure

Answer 55

passive

Question 56

lungs surrounded by ...

Answer 56

visceral pleura

Question 57

visceral pleura linked to ...

Answer 57

parietal pleura

Question 58

vocal folds open ...

Answer 58

back to front and bottom to top

Question 59

the vocal folds close ...

Answer 59

bottom to top and middle to front and back

Question 60

vibrating string theory

Answer 60

the vocal folds oscillate in the airstream just like strings

Question 61

neurochronaxic theory

Answer 61

neural impulses of the CNS directly controls the vocal folds, not possible

Question 62

aerodynamic theory

Answer 62

a sucking pressure from the airstream

Question 63

myoelastic theory

Answer 63

the elasticity of the vocal folds, vocal folds blown apart by subglottal pressure sucked back together using Bernoulli effect

Question 64

flow separation theory

Answer 64

abrubt change in the airstream that occurs at the edge of the vocal folds leading to turbulence