Anatomy Pathology Flashcards
(163 cards)
1
Q
Displacement of distal segment of radius POSTERIORLY
A
Dinner/silver fork deformity
2
Q
Displacement of distal segment of radius ANTERIORLY
A
Smiths fracture
3
Q
Distal radial fracture, fragment dorsally placed
A
Colles
4
Q
Distal radial fracture, fragment ventrally placed
A
Smiths
5
Q
Pain and tenderness localized over the anatomic snuffbox
A
Scaphoid fracture
6
Q
Most commonly dislocated carpal bone
A
Lunate
7
Q
Dislocation may cause CTS
A
Lunate
8
Q
Fracture of the base of the first metacarpal bone
A
Bennett
9
Q
Fracture of the neck of the second and third metacarpal
A
Boxer
10
Q
Inability to stand on tip toes, paresthesis on skin of posterior leg, sole and lateral foot
A
Tibial nerve lesion
11
Q
Foot drop, steppage gait, pain and paresthesia in the lateral leg and dorsum of the foot
A
Common peroneal nerve lesions
12
Q
Weakness in eversion, pain and paresthesia in dorsal aspect of foot
A
Superficial peroneal/ fibular nerve lesions
13
Q
Foot drop and paresthesia in skin of the webbed space between the great toe and second toe
A
Deep peroneal/ fibular nerve lesions
14
Q
The terrible triad
A
Tibial collateral ligament, meadial meniscius and ACL
15
Q
Unhappy triad of Donoghue
A
ACL, MCL, Medial meniscus
16
Q
Forward sliding of the tibia on the femur
A
Anterior drawer sign (ACL rapture)
17
Q
(backward sliding of the tibia on the femur)
A
Posterior drawer sign- PCL ligament rapture
18
Q
Tibia is bent or twisted laterally; collapse of lateral compartment of the knee
A
Knocke knee/ Genu valgum- rapture of medial/ tibial collateral ligament
19
Q
Tibia is bent medially, collpase of medial compartment of the knee
A
Bowleg(genu varium)-rupture of lateral/ fibular collateral ligament
20
Q
Ataxia, dysmetria, dysdiadochokinesia, intention tumor
A
Posterior lobe syndrome
21
Q
Marked gait instability
A
Anterior lobe syndrome
22
Q
Truncal ataxia
A
Flocculonodular lobe syndrome
23
Q
Lesion in supramarginal sinus
A
Tactile agonosia
24
Q
Lesion in BA 22
A
Auditory agnosia
25
Results form damage to the contralateral subthalamic nucleus
Hemibalismus
26
Collar bone of scottie dog
Spondylolysis
27
Fish mouth vertebra
Sickle cell anemia
28
Bamboo spine
Ankylosing spondylosis
29
Damage to a motor neurons w/in ventral gray horn
Werndig hoffman disease
30
Damage to a motor neurons within ventral and lateral corticospinal tract (UMN and LMN)
Lou gerhig disease
31
Sensory pathways of dorsal column is affected
Tabes dorsalis
32
damage to dorsal columns and lat corticospinal and spinocerebellar tract
Vit B12 neuropathy
33
Transection above c4 leads to
Quadriplegia
34
Most common intramedullary tumor of the spinal cord
Ependymoma
35
Grade III acromioclavicular sublaxation
Piano key sign
36
Most common site for clavicular fracture
Middle 3rd
37
Severe distal traction of the radius
Nursemaid elbow
38
Gamekeeper thumb
Disruption of ulnar collateral ligament of the MP joint of the thumb
39
Contraction of forearm muscles
Volkmann ischemic contracture
40
Thickening and contracture of palmar aponeurosis leading to progressive flexion of fingers
Dupuytren contracture
41
Idiopathic AVN of femur, presents as unilateral hip pain, slight external rotation and a limp
Legg- Perthes disease
42
Pott fracture
Eversion injury
43
Fibular fx+avulsion of medial malleolus
Pott fracture
44
Fracture of distal portion of tibia
Ski boot injury
45
Also called lover's fracture
Calcaneal fracture
46
Fx sustained from jumping a great height, usually involves subtalar jt and fx of the lumbar vertebrae and femoral neck
Lover's fracture
47
Fx/dislocation at the tarsometataraal jt
Lisfrane injury
48
Common injury sustained when a bicyclist's foot is caught in pedal clips
Lisfrane injury
49
Most common site for aneurysm
Anterior communicating artery
50
Severe pain due to thalamic damage
Thalamic syndrome of Dejerine and Roussy (PCA occlusion)
51
Blood vessel affected in epidural hemorrhage
Middle meningeal artery
52
Lucid interval, lens shaped(biconvex) hyperdensity on CT
Epidural
53
Blood vessels affected in subdural hemorrhage
Superior cerebral veins(bridging veins)
54
Crescent shaped hyperdensity on CT
Subdural hemorrhagr
55
Bv involved in SAH
Cerebral artery, communicating arteries
56
Worst headache of my life,
SAH
57
BV involved in extracranial hemorrhage
Emissary veins, branches of superficial, temporal and occpital arteries
58
Black eye cranial CT
Extracranial hge
59
Sweating whenever a person eats
Frey syndrome
60
Tearing whenever a person eats
Crocodile tears syndrome
61
Most common herniation
Transtentorial
62
In arnold chiari malformation
Foramen magnum herniation
63
Difficulty elevating trunk, difficulty using crutch, latissimus dorsi is affected
Thoracodorsal nerve
64
Maybe injured as a result of dislocation of the head of the humerus; or by a fracture in the surgical neck of the humerus
Axillary nerve
65
Loss of rounder contour of shoulder, weakness in abduction, weakness in lateral rotation
Axillary nerve lesion
66
Weakness in flexion of arm at elbow and in supination
Musculocutaneous nerve lesions
67
Wrist drop
Radial nerve
68
Hand of benidiction/ ape hand
Median nerve lesion
69
Supracondylar fx of humerus; hand of benediction
Proximal lesiont
70
Ape hand; lunate dislocation, CTS
Distal median nerve lesion
71
May result due to medial epicondyle fx of the humerus
Ulnar nerve lesion
72
Fracture at hook of hamate
Distal lesion- Ulnar nerve lesion
73
Claw hand
Ulnar nerve lesion
74
Axillary artery is the continuation wc artery
Subclavian
75
Divides the axillary artery into 3 parts
Tendon of pectoralis minor
76
Results to weakened abduction of the thigh by gluteus medius ; waddling gait
Superior gluteal nerve injury
77
Trendelenburg sign
Superior gluteal nerve injury
78
Weakness in ability to laterally rotate and extend the thight at hip joint, difficulty climbing stairs or rising from a chair
Inferior gluteal nerve injury
79
A muscle irritates and places pressure on the sciatic nerve causing pain in the buttocks and referring pain along the course of the sciatic nerve
Pirifomis syndrome
80
Pain and paresthesia in the skin of the medial aspect of the leg and foot
Saphenous nerve lesions
81
Most commonly lesioned in the pelvis
Obturator nerve lesion
82
Major supply of the head of the femur
Medial femoral circumflex
83
Dislocation of femur usually occurs in which direction
Posterior
84
Skull fx at pterion may lacerate which artery
Middle meningeal
85
Laceration of middle meningeal artery may cause?
Epidural or extradural hematoma
86
Horizontal fx superior to maxillary alveolar process
Le Fort I
87
Fx at posterolateral parts of the maxillary sinuses; central part of the face separated from cranium
Le fort II
88
Horizontal fracture that passes through the superior orbital fissures, ethmoid and nasal extender to greater wingbof sphenoid; maxilla and zygoma seperated from cranium
Le Fort III
89
Due to premature closure of saggital suture
Scaphocephaly
90
"Aka tower skull"
Oxycephaly, acrocephaly
91
Premature closure of coronal suture
Oxycephaly, acrocephaly
92
Premature closure of coronal and lambdoid suture
Plagiocephaly
93
3 primary brain vesicles are
Prosencephalon,mesencephalon, rhombencephalon
109
Ptosis and mydriasis
Oculmotor
110
Esotropia
Abduent
111
Found jn superior colliculus
Oculomotor
112
Found in inferior colliculus
Trochlear nerve
113
Leads to blindness of the right eye(lesion)
Right optic nerve
114
Lesion leads to bitemporal hemianopsia
Optic chiasm
115
Lesions leads to right nasal hemianopsia
Right angle of chiasm
116
Lesions leads to left homonymous hemianopsia
Right optic tract
119
Spinal cord terminates at what level
L1-L2
120
Lumbar puncture is done at
L4-L5
121
Corpus striatum consists of
Caudate nucleus + lentiform nuclei
122
Striatum consists of
Caudate nucleus+ puta
123
Due to degeneration of substantia nigra
Parkinson's diesease
124
Manifests due to degeneration of striatum
Chorea
125
Results from damage to contralateral subthalamic nucleus
hemibalismus
126
Most common location of berry aneurysms
Anterior part of Circle of Willis (ant communicatig, posterior communicating, or MCA)
131
CSF is produced where?
Choroid plexus
132
Rate of production of csf
0.5ml/min
133
Normal csf pressure
60-150
134
Total volume of csf
130-150
145
Difficulty in sliding the heel in one foot
Anterior (cerebellar lobe syndrome)
146
Dysmetria, dysdiadochokiesia, ataxia
Posterior lobe syndrome
147
"Motor disability"
Apraxia
148
Spinal cord hemisection
Brown sequard
149
In brown sequaerd all manifestations are ipsilateral except
Pain and temperature(contralateral)
150
Attacks anterior horn cells leading to LMNL
Poliomyelitis
151
Caused by neurosyphilis, dorsal root involvement with secondary degeneration of dorsal columns (loss of position and sense of vibration)
Tabes dorsalis
152
Pure motor disease involving degeneration of anterior horn cells (LMNL) and corticospinal tract(UMNL)
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
153
Caused by vitamin B12 deficency; degeneration of posterior and lateral columns(loss of position sense and vibration in legs associated with UMNL)
Subacute combined degeneraton
154
Progressive cavitation around the central canal; leading to loss of pain and temperature sensations in hands and forearm
Syringomyelia
155
Spinal shock can be determined by testing for the activity of
Sphincter reflex
156
Damage to this portion of the spinal cord may result to paralysis of all four extremities
Quadriplegia : C4-C6
157
Non fusion of the embryonic halves of the vertebral arches
Spina bifida
158
Spina bifida with no clinical manifestation, only with the presence of a small dimple with a tuft of hair
Occulta
159
Severe type of spina bifida
Cystica
160
The lumbar triangle of petit (ext oblique, lattisimus, iliac crest) is prone to what pathology?
Lumbar hernia
161
Degeneration of pedicles of lumbar vertebrae
Spondylolisthesis
162
Formation of bone spurs and osteophytes
Spondyloses
163
Ossification of annulus fibrosus
Ankylosing spondylytis
164
Right eye cant look left, left eye nystagmus, convergence is intact
Right medial longitudinal fasciculus
165
Most common cause of cyanotic heart disease
TGA
166
Chronic stree fracture of pars interarticularis
Spondylolysis
167
Pedicles of lumbar vertebra degenerates or fail to develop
Spondylolisthesis
168
Vertebrae affected in spondylolisthesis
Degen: L4-L5; congenital: L5-S1
169
Degenerative process, formation of bone spurs and osteophytes
Spondylosis
170
Nucleus pulposus usually herniates where?
Posterolaterraly
171
Hyperflexion of cervical ganglion
Tearsrop
172
Compression of cervical region
Jefferson
173
Hyperextension of cervical region
Hangman
174
Hyperflexion of thoracic or lumbar region
Chance
175
Injury when: diving into shallow waters, whiplash
Teardrop
176
Injury when: there is force applied to the top of the head
Jefferson
177
Injury when: hanging chin strikes the dashboard
Hangman
178
Seat belt injury
Chance
179
Most common tumor of the SC
Ependymoma
180
Dumbell shaped tumors associated with NF2
Schwannomas
181
Tumors that are remnants of the notochord
Chordomas
182
Most common extradural tumor
Metastatic
183
Transillumination test is for what condition
Hydrocele
184
Left renal vein may be compressed by an aneurysm of
SMA (crosses anterior to the aorta)
185
Accounts for most cases of extrahepatic obstruction of biliary system
Pancreatic head CA
186
Part of GB, common site of an impacted gallstone
Hepatopancreatic ampulla
187
Most common location of appendix
Retrocecal
188
Nerve commonly injured in appendectomy
Iliohypogastric
189
BPH usually involves which region
Periurethral zone
190
Prostate CA(adenocarcinoma) usually involve which part of the prostate
Peripheral part of prostate in the main pancreatic glands(posterior) part
191
Musculocutaneos nerve may be compressed as it passes through wc muscle
Coracobrachialis
192
Clavicular fx hemorrhage may be due to wc vein
Subclavian
193
Femoral nerve may be damaged in te abdomen by abscess of
Psoas major
194
Most commonly injured nerve in the pelvis
Obturator nerve
