Anatomy + Physiology Flashcards
(66 cards)
Trigeminal V is a ___ type nerve. Its functions are:
Sensory AND Motor.
Facial Sensation + Jaw Mvmt (chewing and speech)
Name all 6 cranial nerves involved in speech/swallowing
Trigeminal V
Facial VII
Glossopharyngeal IX
Vagus X
Accessory (spinal) XI
Hypoglossal XII
Facial VII is a ___ type nerve. Its functions are:
Sensory AND Motor.
Taste in front 2/3 (sense); salivary glands + Facial expressions (motor)
Glossopharyngeal IX is a ___ type nerve. Its functions are:
Sensory AND Motor.
SensatN of post. 1/3 Tongue (taste/temp/position/pain),salivary glands, and pharynx sensatN (touch)
Laryngeal elevatN/pharyngeal dilation
Vagus X is a __ type nerve. Its functions are:
Sensory AND Motor.
Superior branch very important for swallow:
SensatN of base of tongue, vallecula, epiglottis, aryepiglottic folds, true and false VFs, pyriform sinuses and post. pharyngeal wall.
Motor - soft palate, pharyngeal constrictors, intrinsic laryngeal muscles, cricopharyngeus (speech/swallow, preventN of nasal regurgitation, airway closure, opening UES)
Accessory spinal XI is a ___ type nerve. Its functions are:
Motor.
Mvmt of the shoulder, arm and throat (palatopharyngeus muscle; courses along with Vagus X to elevate palate)
Hypoglossal XII is a ___ type nerve. Its functions are:
Motor.
Extrinisic + intrinsic muscles of the tongue
Extrinsic muscles of the tongue alter its position. Name the 4 muscles involved and their functions.
Genioglossus - depress + protrude
Hyoglossus - depress + retract
Styloglossus - elevate + retract
Palatoglossus - elevate post. tongue + lower velum
Intrinsic muscles of the tongue alter its shape. Name the 4 muscles involved.
Superior longitudinal
Inferior longitudinal
Transverse
Vertical
The ___ nerve innervates all muscles of the tongue except the ____ muscle.
Hypoglossal XII; palatoglossus
Why would paralysis of the Glossopharyngeal IX nerve be damaging for a swallow?
- Not sending messages to the brain that there’s food on the back of the tongue + pharynx
- Loss of motor control in half of pharynx to successfully swallow
- Absent gag reflex –> increased risk of choking
- Decreased taste –> less interest in eating?
The Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve is a branch from what cranial nerve?
Vagus X
Remember that the RLN touches all intrinsic muscles of the larynx except the cricothyroid
What cranial nerve innervates the tensor tympani?
Trigeminal V
What would happen if there were damage to the Hypoglossal XII nerve?
Tongue paralysis:
- Diminished intelligibility
- Swallowing problems (dec. oral prep, no pressure to propel bolus –> needs to reach the arches to trigger the response)
T/F: Damage to the Hypoglossal XII nerve can cause impaired taste.
False - that would be either the Glossopharyngeal IX or Facial VII
The cranial nerves are part of the
a) Central Nervous System
B) Peripheral Nervous System
C) Somatic Nervous System
D) Automatic Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
Both afferent and efferent:
Sensory are afferent, collecting info about the environment and bringing it to the CNS
Motor neurons are efferent, delivering messages from the CNS to muscles + glands
T/F: The CNS is made up of the brain and spinal cord.
True
The Automatic Nervous System controls ____ functions, such as:
Involuntary
Heart beat, digestion, breathing
The Somatic Nervous System is responsible for ____ functions, such as:
Voluntary
Skeletal muscle movement
The Sympathetic nervous system is part of the ____ nervous system. Its functions are:
Automatic Nervous System
Fight or flight; increases heart rate, prepares the body for stress
The Parasympathetic nervous system is part of the ____ nervous system. Its functions are:
Automatic.
Decreasing heart rate; “rest and digest”
The Brainstem controls ____. It contains 3 parts:
Vital functions
Midbrain + pons + medulla
The Midbrain is involved in controlling…
Eye movement
Arousal + Alertness
Hearing
