Voice Flashcards
If the vocal folds are inflamed/swollen, what would be the impact on the voice?
Deeper voice
Difficulty keeping vocal folds adducted would manifest as…
Breathy voice
Nodes on one or both vocal folds would manifest as…
Hoarseness first in high frequencies, followed by the lower frequencies as it grows;
Pitch breaks
Onset delays
What is the first valve of the vocal tract?
Aryepiglottic folds - superior border of laryngeal column; contains the aryepiglottic muscles; forms the “collar”
What are the false vocal folds?
Ventricular folds
Forms the second sphincter
Helps increase pressure by blocking air outflow
What type of cartilage is the epiglottis?
Elastic - does not calcify with age
What type of cartilage is the thyroid cartilage?
Hyaline - will ossify with age
Which muscles alter the overall height/position of the larynx in the neck and alter the shape of the vocal tract?
Extrinsic muscles
Which intrinsic laryngeal muscle is responsible for abduction of vocal folds?
Posterior cricoarytenoid
Name the three adductors of the vocal folds
Interarytenoids
Lateral cricoarytenoid
Thyroarytenoid (body of VF)
Cause of vocal nodules
Chronic vocal trauma/hyperfunction of vocal folds
True/False: polyps can be resolved with speech therapy
True, but only polyps that are recent and small; in all cases, including those of surgery, voice therapy is recommended to promote good vocal habits
GERD vs. Laryngopharyngeal Reflux (4 main differences)
+Esophagitis / -Esophagitis
Lower ES problems / UES problems
Night symptoms supine positN / daytime problems upright
Heartburn common / less common
LPR –> post nasal drip, hoarseness, frequent throat clearing, globus sensatN, dry cough, mucous in throat
Tx for acute laryngitis vs chronic
Acute - vocal rest, no tx while infected
Chronic - depends on cause + type of lesion but always vocal hygiene
Average F0 for men
90 - 130Hz
Average F0 for women
180 - 230Hz
Three reasons (all together) that speech therapy wouldn’t be necessary for someone with dysphonia
- No vocal forcing
- The cause of the voice is natural, not due to a lesion
- No risky vocal behaviour / good vocal hygiene
Three reasons that speech therapy wouldn’t be possible for a dysphonia
- Certain serious clinical cases (e.g. external trauma, hemorrhage)
- Against the wishes of the pt
- Pt cannot dedicate enough time to therapy
Intervention exercises for Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis
1st: Behavioural Intervention bc not uncommon to resolve spontaneously
- Reducing vocal effort + prioritizing efficiency
- Resonant voice; accent method
Intervention exercises for hyperfunction of the larynx (5+)
Contrasting hard attacks vs soft
“Confidential voice”
Yawn-sigh
Chewing during speech
Speak-sing
Intensity/speed/pauses
Producing all words in a sentence w/ transitions
Deconnection-reconnection of words from the sounds (read normal–>read while articulating with no sound–>read with prosody but no articulation)
Name some voice changes that occur with age (6)
- Degeneration of muscles; ossification of cartilages
- Changes to F0 (lower for women, higher for men, less control on variability of pitch)
- Intensity decreases
- Voice tremor
- Increase in stridor; ++ breathiness
- Reduced lung capacity
Clinical profile of voice with Parkinson’s
- Feeling out of breath/decreased vital capacity
- Weak voice; rough
- Monotone (freq. range reduced)
- Reduced intra-oral pressure
- Reduced intelligibility
Typical treatment for Parkinson’s voice
- Reduce number of syllables per breath
- Starting to phonate before expiration begins
–> LSVT generally
