Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards
(34 cards)
Anatomy and Physiology
The male reproductive system produces, maintains, and transports sperm, the male sex cell required for fertilization of the female egg. It is also responsible for developing and maintaining male secondary sex characteristics. (See Fig. 13-1.)
Reproductive cell (ovum or sperm) that contains one-half of the chromosomes required to produce an offspring of the species
gamete
GĂM-ēt □
Psychological and physical drive for sexual activity
libido
lĭ-BĒ-dō □
Fluid containing sperm and secretions from the prostate and other structures of the male reproductive system; also called seminal fluid
semen
SĒ-mĕn □
Ringlike muscle that opens and closes a body opening to allow or restrict passage through the structure
sphincter
SFĬNGK-tĕr □
Androgenic hormone responsible for the development of the male sex organs, including the penis, testicles, scrotum, and prostate
Testosterone is also responsible for the development of secondary sex characteristics (musculature, hair patterns, thickened vocal cords, and so forth.).
testosterone
tĕs-TŎS-tĕr-ōn □
Male Reproductive Structures
The primary male reproductive organ consists of two (1) testes (singular, testis) located in the (2) scrotum, an external sac lying behind and below the penis. The muscular wall of the scrotum allows for the control of temperature of the testes. It moves the testes closer to the body for warmth and farther from the body for cooling. The testes produce the hormone____, which enables development of secondary sex characteristics, including the growth of facial and body hair, deepening of the voice, increased muscle mass, and so forth. It also plays an important role in libido. Within the testes are numerous small tubes that twist and coil to form (3)_____ tub____, which produce___, the male gamete.
testosterone seminiferous
Ules
sperm
Lying over the superior surface of each testis is a single, tightly coiled tube called the (4) epi_____. This structure stores sperm after it leaves the seminiferous tubules. The epididymis is the first duct through which sperm passes after its production in the testes. During ejaculation, the____ contracts, expelling sperm into the (5)____ deferens (seminal duct or ductus deferens), a narrow tube that passes through the inguinal canal into the abdominal cavity. The vas deferens extends over the top and down the posterior surface of the bladder, where it joins the (6) seminal____.
Dydimus
Epidydimus
Vas
Vescicle
The seminal vesicle contains____ that support sperm viability and produces approximately___% of the semen (seminal fluid) that is ultimately ejaculated during sexual intercourse (____). The union of the vas deferens with the duct from the seminal vesicle forms the (7)___ duct. The ejaculatory duct joins to the____ as it passes at an angle through the (8) prostate gland, a triple-lobed organ fused to the base of the bladder. The____ gland secretes a thin, alkaline substance that accounts for about___% of seminal fluid. Its alkalinity helps protect sperm from acidic environments of the male urethra and the female vagina.
nutrients
60
coitus ejaculatory urethra
30
Two pea-shaped structures, the (9) ____urethral (___per) glands, are located below the prostate and are connected by a small duct to the____. The bulbourethral glands provide additional alkaline fluid that neutralizes any residual acidity in the male urethra to further assist in sperm viability. The (10) penis is the male organ of copulation. It is cylindrical and composed of erectile tissue that becomes rigid and erect upon sexual arousal. The penis encloses the (11) urethra that expels both semen and urine from the body. During ejaculation, the____ at the base of the bladder closes, stopping urine from being expelled with semen while also preventing semen from entering the bladder. The enlarged tip of the penis, the (12)___ penis, contains the (13) urethral orifice (_____) through which urine and semen exit the body. The glans penis contains a number of highly sensitive nerve endings. A movable hood of skin, the (14) pre____ (foreskin), covers the glans penis.
Bulbo
Cow
urethra sphincter glans
meatus
Puce
Blood, Lymphatic, and Immune
• The male reproductive system secretes testosterone into the extracellular fluids of the blood, lymphatic, and immune system for delivery throughout the body.
• The male reproductive system relies on increased blood supply to support the erectile tissue needed for copulation.
Cardiovascular
• Male hormones are transported throughout the body by the vascular system.
• Increased heart rate maintains the sexual excitement needed for ejaculation.
Digestive
• The male reproductive structures rely on a continuous supply of food and nourishment for proper functioning of the organs of reproduction.
• Male reproductive activities require food and nourishment for sexual behavior.
Endocrine
• The gonads produce hormones that provide feedback to influence pituitary function.
• Hormones produce and regulate the development of secondary sex characteristics.
Female Reproductive
• The male reproductive structures produce and deliver sperm, the cell that provides one-half of the genetic complement required for the development of a fetus.
• The male organs of reproduction work in conjunction with the female reproductive system to enable fertilization of the ovum.
Integumentary
• Male hormones produce facial and body hair growth consistent with maleness.
Musculoskeletal
• Male hormones produce skeletal and muscular structures consistent with a larger body frame than that normally found in females.
Nervous
• The male reproductive structures rely on the nervous system to innervate the organs responsible for copulation.
• Mature male reproductive activities are regulated by the emotional aspects of the nervous system, especially the brain.
Respiratory
• The male reproductive system relies on the increased respiratory activity required for sexual activity.
• The male organs of reproduction require a constant supply of oxygen and the removal of waste gases for healthy functioning.
• The male reproductive system causes laryngeal changes, resulting in a deepening of the voice.
Urinary
• The male reproductive system and the urinary system share common structures.
• Waste substances produced by the male reproductive organs are removed by the urinary system.
dr/o
male
andr/o/gen/ic (ăn-drō-JĔN-ĭk): pertaining to maleness
gen: forming, producing, origin
-ic: pertaining to
Androgenic hormones include all natural or synthetic compounds that stimulate or maintain male characteristics. The most common androgenic hormone is testosterone.
balan/o
glans penis
balan/o/plasty (BĂL-ă-nō-plăs-tē):
-plasty: surgical repair
crypt/o
hidden
crypt/orchid/ism (krĭpt-OR-kĭd-ĭzm):
orchid: testis (plural, testes)
-ism: condition
Cryptorchidism, also called cryptorchism, is the failure of the testes to descend into the scrotum and is usually a congenital disorder.
epididym/o
epididymis
epididym/o/tomy (ĕp-ĭ-dĭd-ĭ-MŎT-ō-mē):
-tomy: incision
genit/o
genitalia
genit/o
genitalia
genit/o/urin/ary (jĕn-ĭ-tō-ŪR-ĭ-nār-ē):
-urin: urine, urinary tract
-ary: pertaining to
gonad/o
gonads, sex glands
gonad/o/pathy (gŏn-ă-DŎP-ă-thē):
-pathy: disease
gon/o
seed (ovum or spermatozoon)
gon/o/rrhea (gŏn-ō-RĒ-ă):
-rrhea: discharge, flow
Characteristic of gonorrhea is a discharge of pus, mistakenly believed to be sperm in the early days of medicine.
olig/o
scanty
olig/o/sperm/ia (ŏl-ĭ-gō-SPĔR-mē-ă):
sperm: spermatozoa, sperm cells
-ia: condition
Oligospermia is a low concentration of sperm in the semen and may be a cause of male infertility.
orch/o
testis (plural, testes)
orch/itis (or-KĪ-tĭs):
-itis: inflammation
A common cause of orchitis in young males is a mumps infection.
orchi/o
orchi/algia (or-kē-ĂL-jē-ă):
-algia: pain
orchid/o
orchid/o/rrhaphy (or-kĭ-DOR-ă-fē):
-rrhaphy: suture
test/o
test/algia (tĕs-algia: pain
perine/o
perineum (area between scrotum [or vulva in the female] and anus)
perine/al (pĕr-ĭ-NĒ-ăl):
-al: pertaining to
prostat/o
prostate gland
prostat/o/megaly (prŏs-tă-tō-MĔG-ă-lē):
-megaly: enlargement
