Diagnosis And Surgeries

Question 1

Screening test in males that evaluates the size and consistency of the prostate (See Fig. 13-4.)
In males and females, DRE helps assess the rectal wall surface for lesions or evaluate abnormalities of the pelvic area

Answer 1

Clinical:

digital rectal examination (DRE)
DĬJ-ĭt-ăl RĔK-tăl

Question 2

Blood test used to detect prostatic disorders, especially prostate cancer; also called tumor marker test
PSA is a substance produced by the prostate, and found in small quantities in blood. The blood level is elevated in prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and tumors of the prostate.

Answer 2

prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
PRŎS-tāt spĕ-SĬF-ĭk ĂN-tĭ-jĕn

Question 3

Test that analyzes a semen sample for volume, sperm count, motility, and morphology to evaluate fertility or verify sterilization after a vasectomy

Answer 3

semen analysis
SĒ-mĕn ă-NĂL-ĭ-sĭs

Question 4

Imaging procedure using sound waves to assess the contents of the scrotum, including the testicles, epididymis, and vas deferens; also called testicular ultrasound

Answer 4

Imaging
scrotal ultrasound (US)
SKRŌ-tăl ŬL-tră-sownd

Question 5

Imaging procedure using soundwaves emitted by a probe inserted through the rectum to serve as a guide for biopsy of the prostate when PSA and DRE are abnormal (See Fig. 13-5.)

Answer 5

transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) biopsy of the prostate
trăns-RĔK-tăl ŬL-tră-sownd
BĪ-ŏp-sē PRŎS-tāt
trans: across, through
rect: rectum
-al: pertaining to

Question 6

Removal of the foreskin, or fold of skin covering the tip (glans) of the penis
Circumcision is usually performed on infant males for religious or social reasons.

Answer 6

Surgical
circumcision
sĕr-kŭm-SĬ-zhŭn

Question 7

Fixation of the testes in the scrotum
Orchiopexy is performed for undescended testicles (cryptorchidism), usually before age 2, or for correction of testicular torsion.

Answer 7

orchiopexy
or-kē-ō-PĔK-sē
orchi/o: testis (plural, testes)
-pexy: fixation (of an organ)

Question 8

Removal of all or part of the prostate
Several prostatectomy procedures are possible, depending on the extent and reason for removal; however, transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is one of the most common.

Answer 8

prostatectomy
prŏs-tă-TĔK-tō-mē
prostat: prostate
-ectomy: excision, removal

Question 9

Excision of prostate tissue by inserting a special endoscope (resectoscope) through the urethra and into the bladder to remove small pieces of tissue from the prostate gland (See Fig. 13-6.) The resectoscope is fitted with an electrically activated wire loop that removes tissue when dragged over the site and cauterizes it to minimize bleeding.

Answer 9

transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)
trăns-ū-RĒ-thrăl rē-SĔK-shŭn,
PRŎS-tāt
trans: across, through
urethr: urethra
-al: pertaining to

Question 10

Reconstruction of the urethra to relieve stricture or narrowing
Urethroplasty relieves pain and discomfort experienced during voiding and reduces the risk of contracting orchitis, prostatitis, and urinary tract infections.

Answer 10

urethroplasty
ū-RĒ-thrō-plăs-tē
urethr/o: urethra
-plasty: surgical repair

Question 11

Removal of all or a segment of the vas deferens for male sterilization
Vasectomy reversal (vasovasostomy) rejoins the two segments of the vas deferens. The reversal has the greatest chance of producing a pregnancy if performed within 3 years of the vasectomy. After 10 years, the success rate for producing pregnancy is less than 30%. (See Fig. 13-7.)

Answer 11

vasectomy
văs-ĔK-tō-mē
vas: vessel; vas deferens; duct
-ectomy: excision, removal

Question 12

Radiation oncology procedure where radioactive “seeds” are placed directly within or near a tumor in the prostate to destroy malignant cells (See Fig. 13-8.)
Brachytherapy reduces radiation exposure of surrounding healthy tissue in the region of the tumor.

Answer 12

Therapeutic
brachytherapy of the prostate
brăk-ē-THĔR-ă-pē
brachy: short (distance)
-therapy: treatment

Question 13

Freezing of the prostate, causing cancer cells to die (See Fig. 13-9.)
Cryotherapy is used in early stages of prostate cancer or when prostate cancer has returned after other types of treatments failed.

Answer 13

cryotherapy of the prostate
krī-ō-THĔR-ă-pē PRŎS-tāt
cry/o: cold
-therapy: treatment

Question 14

Procedure in which the patient is positioned at a distance from the radiation source, which is then directed at the prostate; also called external beam radiation (EBT) or teletherapy
EBRT may also be performed before surgery to reduce the size of the tumor or after surgery to prevent recurrence of the tumor.

Answer 14

external beam radiation therapy (EBRT)